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Jeffersonian Era

Jeffersonian Era. The text’s authors believed that the Louisiana Purchase was “the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president”. Do you agree? Why or why not? Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices.

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Jeffersonian Era

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  1. Jeffersonian Era

  2. The text’s authors believed that the Louisiana Purchase was “the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as president”. Do you agree? Why or why not? • Assess the Jeffersonian presidency. What do you think were his three most important legacies? Explain your choices

  3. Election of 1800 Burr • Republican candidates: Jefferson & Aaron Burr

  4. Election of 1800 • Tie vote  Lame Duck Federalist House of Representatives • 36 ballots before Jefferson backed; Hamilton supported TJ over Burr • Lead to 12th Amendment (new rules for electing president and vice president)

  5. The Finale of Federalists & Jefferson’s Restraint

  6. Jefferson the Man • Wanted democratic society of small, independent farmers • Favored limited government, popular education, protection of civil liberties • Revolution of 1800: triumph of common citizen over the aristocracy, peaceful transition to another party

  7. Death of Federalists • “halfway house between European past & American future”

  8. Jefferson as President… • Alien & Sedition acts expired • Naturalization law of 1802 – 5 yrs • Congressional repeal of whisky tax • Cut back army & navy • Replaced some Federalist officeholders • Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801 (eliminating Adams’Midnight Judges)

  9. Jefferson as President… • Mostly continued Hamilton’s financial program • Kept many federalists in office • Continued isolationist policy • Used lose interpretation of Constitution when it suited him…

  10. John Marshall & Supreme Court • Federalist who served 34 years • Marbury v. Madison (1803)  judicial review

  11. Barbary Pirates

  12. Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Importance of Mississippi River & New Orleans • Napoleon offers all of Louisiana Territory • Constitutional Problems with purchase • Lewis & Clark, Zebulon Pike expeditions

  13. Meanwhile…The Napoleonic Wars

  14. 1. Napoleonic Wars • 1806  Berlin Decrees [“Continental System”] • 1806  Britain issued the “Orders in Council.” • 1807  Milan Decrees • 1808-1811  Britain impressed over 6,000 American sailors.

  15. Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France • Britain & France blockade each other • American ships make profits running blockades • British impress American sailors

  16. Napoleonic Wars: GB v. France • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (1807)

  17. 2. Chesapeake-Leopard “Affair” • June 21, 1807. • Br. Captain fired on the USS Chesapeake. • 3 dead, 18 wounded. • Br. Foreign Office said it was a mistake. • Jefferson’s Response: • Forbade Br. ships to dock in American ports. • Ordered state governors to call up as much as 100,000 militiamen.

  18. 3. The Embargo Act (1807)The “OGRABME” Turtle

  19. Embargo Act (1807-1809) • No US trade w/ foreign countries • Little effect on GB & France • Federalists, South, & West oppose • Non-Intercourse Act repeals, but continues no trade w/ GB, France

  20. Madison & Drift to War • James Madison succeeds Jefferson

  21. 4. The Non-Intercourse Act (1809) • Replaced the Embargo Act. • Remained U. S. policy until 1812. • Unexpected Consequences: • N. Eng. was forced to become self-sufficient again [old factories reopened]. • Laid the groundwork for US industrial power. • Jefferson, a critic of an industrial America, ironically contributed to Hamilton’s view of the US!!! • Macon Bill No. 2: Madison dupe of Napoleon

  22. 5. Br. Instigation of Indians British General Brock Meets with Tecumseh

  23. Madison & Drift to War • Southern & Western War Hawks, demand war against Britain, Spain • Leaders: John C. Calhoun (SC) and Henry Clay (KY) • Madison asks Congress to declare war in 1812 Madison

  24. “War Hawks” John C. Calhoun [SC] Henry Clay [KY]

  25. Presidential Election of 1812

  26. “Mr. Madison’s War!”

  27. American Problems • The US was unprepared militarily: • Had a 12-ship navy vs. Britain’s800 ships. • Americans disliked a draft  preferred to enlist in the disorganized state militias. • Financially unprepared: • Flood of paper $. • Revenue from import tariffs declined. • Regional disagreements.

  28. War of 1812

  29. Overviewof theWarof1812

  30. 3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

  31. Campaigns of 1813

  32. US failure to conquer Canada British counterattack from Canada thwarted US privateers at first successful, but later beaten Wartime Events (1812-1815)

  33. Wartime Events (1812-1815) • Washington DC captured, partially burned (Ft. McHenry withstands bombardment, inspiring Star Spangled Banner)

  34. Battle of Fort McHenry,1814 Oh Say Can You SeeBy the Dawn’s Early Light… -- Francis Scott Key

  35. Gave proof through the night,That our flag was still there..

  36. Attack on Ft. Oswego, 1814

  37. Hartford ConventionDecember, 1814 – January, 1815 New England Considers Cecession!

  38. Treaty of GhentDecember 24, 1814

  39. Wartime Events (1812-1815) • Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans, becomes a national hero

  40. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

  41. The Battle of New Orleans, 1815

  42. Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

  43. Treaty of Ghent (1814) • Status-quo… • No mention of impressments, but European war over so moot point

  44. Results of War • Growth of American nationalism • Strengthening of isolationism • Increase in westward migration • Encouragement of US industry • Hartford Convention  disappearance of Federalist Party

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