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Atmospheric Processes

Atmospheric Processes. Air Movements Surface Winds Pressure Systems Characteristics of high & low pressure systems Influence of high & low pressure systems on weather patterns Air Masses. What if…. The earth was not tilted 23.5° on its axis? It did not rotate once every 24 hours?

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Atmospheric Processes

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  1. Atmospheric Processes • Air Movements • Surface Winds • Pressure Systems • Characteristics of high & low pressure systems • Influence of high & low pressure systems on weather patterns • Air Masses

  2. What if…. • The earth was not tilted 23.5° on its axis? • It did not rotate once every 24 hours? • It did not orbit the sun?

  3. Hadley cell - Low latitude air movement toward the equator that with heating, rises vertically, with poleward movement in the upper atmosphere. This forms a convection cell that dominates tropical and sub-tropical climates. • Ferrel cell - A mid-latitude mean atmospheric circulation cell for weather named by Ferrel in the 19th century. In this cell the air flows pole-ward and eastward near the surface and equator-ward and westward at higher levels. • Polar cell - Air rises, diverges, and travels toward the poles. Once over the poles, the air sinks, forming the polar highs. At the surface air diverges outward from the polar highs. Surface winds in the polar cell are easterly (polar easterlies). Air Movements Between each of these circulation cells are bands of high and low pressure at the surface. The high pressure band is located about 30° N/S latitude and at each pole. Low pressure bands are found at the equator and 50°-60° N/S.

  4. Surface Winds Air moves from HIGH to LOW pressure – variable speed and direction but have an overall global pattern Roaring Forties Doldrums Horse Latitudes Remember – Coriolis Effect – these winds are deflected

  5. Atmospheric Processes • Air Movements • Surface Winds • Pressure Systems • Characteristics of high & low pressure systems • Influence of high & low pressure systems on weather patterns • Air Masses

  6. Pressure Systems Atmospheric pressure systems are areas of the atmosphere with relatively high or low barometric (air) pressure Surface atmospheric pressure is shown on synoptic charts as isobars Isobars join areas of equal pressure – like contour lines join areas of equal height

  7. Define Atmospheric Pressure Systems Explain the characteristics of High Pressure Systems, include: Alternative name Description Weather conditions (winter/summer/sky/pressure gradient) Include diagram to show air movements in N & S hemisphere Repeat for Low Pressure Systems Pressure Systems

  8. UTC – Stands for….

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