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Comprehensive Guide to Sexual Development and Dysfunctions

Explore the intricate process of sexual organ development, the role of hormones, and the impact on external genitalia and secondary sex characteristics. Learn about intersexual conditions, theories of gender identity, sexual attraction, normal sexual response phases, sexual dysfunctions, causes, and treatments.

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Comprehensive Guide to Sexual Development and Dysfunctions

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  1. Sex • Chromosomes • Gonads (reproduction) • Hormones • External genitalia (penis, vagina) • Internal organs (ovaries, seminal vesicle) • Secondary sex characteristics (breasts, hair)

  2. Sexual Organ Development • Undifferentiated gonads until week 6 • Mullerian system • Turns into fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina if no anti-Mullerian hormone present • Wolffian system • Turns into vas deferens, seminal vesicles if androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) present

  3. Sex Development • Hormones present in the womb determine: • Internal reproductive organs (ovaries or testes) • External genitalia (vagina or penis) • Brain organization

  4. Intersexual • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: XX w/androgens, ambiguous gen. • Testosterone biosynthetic defects: XY no d.test., ext. XX genitalia • Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: XY w/o anti-Mull = both int • Turner’s syndrome: XO = no testes or ovaries, XX int & ext • Androgen insensitivity syndrome: XY w/int. testes, ext. XX gen. • Gonadal dysgenesis: XY w/o androgens= XY ducts, XX genitalia • Micropenis: XY w/o 2nd androgen stage; testos at puberty can fix • Sry gene translocation: XX males, sry gene moves to X chromo. • Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome: XY w/ambiguous genitalia • 5-Alpha reductase deficiency: XY testos. dis.=XY body, XX gen • Klinefelter syndrome: XXY = small penis/testes, low andro, breasts • Timing defect: XY w/ambiguous external genitalia

  5. Sex & Gender Differences • Brain development trajectory • Play patterns • Goals, preferences

  6. Theories of Gender Identity • Social Learning Theory • Imitation + shaping • Gender Schema Theory • rules

  7. Studying Sexuality • Kinsey Report • Masturbation, premarital sex, homosexuality, sex drive in males/females over time • Janus Report • Sexual Deviance • Paraphilia (transvestite, fetish, exhibition)

  8. Sexual Attraction • Automatic NS reaction • Sexual orientation and: • Brain: hypothalamus, rams • Genetics: 52% Id twins, 22% fraternal, 11% adopted; region of x chromosome related to increased sexuality focused on males • Womb hormones: stress, rats mounting, multiple boys

  9. Normal Sexual Response • Phase One: Excitement • Phase Two: Plateau • Phase Three: Orgasm • Phase Four: Resolution • Refractory period

  10. Sexual Dysfunctions • Sexual Desire Disorders • Hypoactive sexual desire disorder • Sexual aversion disorder • Sexual Arousal Disorders • Female sexual arousal disorder • Male erectile disorder

  11. Sexual Dysfunctions • Orgasmic Disorders • Male orgasmic disorder • Female orgasmic disorder • Premature ejaculation • Sexual Pain Disorders • Vaginismus • Dyspareunia

  12. Causes of Sexual Dysfunctions • Organic • Illness (diabetes, cancer, strokes), drug side effects, surgery, physical disability, drug use (cocaine, alcohol, barbiturates, nicotine) • Sociocultural • Negative attitudes towards sex • Psychological • Stress/anxiety, low self-esteem, poor body image, relationship problems, previous traumatic events • Combination

  13. Sexual Dysfunctions • Treatment • Medication, psychotherapy, hormone therapy, stress reduction, behavioral therapy, sensate focus

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