Unit 3

1. Unit 3 Young William Shakespeare

2. William Shakespeare: Playwright, Poet

4. Sources: • Church and legal records • Traditions • Comments upon his works by his contemporaries “He was not of an age, but for all time!” —Ben Johnson(本·琼森)

5. Life: • Date of birth: April 23, 1564 • Place of birth: Stratford-on/upon-Avon, Warwickshire(沃里克郡埃文河畔的斯特拉特福镇)

6. Life: • October 1579 • October 1582 • May 1583 • February 1585 • 1592

7. October 1579: He first met Toby. • October 1582: He was married to Anne Hathaway. • May 1583: His first daughter Susanna was born. • February 1585: His another two children (Judith and Hamnet) were born.

8. 1586 or 1587: Shakespeare arrived in London. • 1592: Shakespeare became famous. • April 23 1616: Shakespeare died.

9. Questions: • How did Shakespeare live before he went to London? • What were his dreams and ambitions? • What about his family? • What did he do when he first came to London to try his fortune?

10. Shakespeare as a boy • Shakespeare as a student • Shakespeare as a young man (the time between graduation from school and getting married) • Shakespeare as a husband • Shakespeare as a father • Shakespeare as an actor

11. Language Points: • “But we have to read and learn all these Latin writers. I want to read modern writers, and English writers, like Geoffrey Chaucer. Can you read?” • 不过我们得学习那些拉丁作家，读他们的作品。我想读当代的、尤其是英国作家的作品。比如杰弗里·乔叟。你识字吗？

12. Geoffrey Chaucer: 杰弗里·乔叟(?1340-1400) an English writer known for his long poem The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事集), one of the most important works in English literature. It is about a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury, who tell each other stories.

13. Language Points: • “We could run away to sea and be sailors. Explore the world, like Francis Drake.” • 我们可以离家出走，到海上去做水手，像弗朗西斯·德雷克那样探索世界。

14. Sir Francis Drake: 德雷克爵士(1540-1596) an English sailor and explorer, who was the first Englishman to sail around the world, and was one of the leaders of the English navy when it defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.

15. Language Points: • “She’s going to be as beautiful as the Queen of Egypt, and as clever as King Solomon. • 她会长得像埃及的皇后一样漂亮，像所罗门国王一样聪明。

16. Queen of Egypt: (69-30BC) Cleopatra克里奥佩特拉, a queen of Egypt, famous for her beauty, who became the lover of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony. Elizabeth Taylor

17. Julius Caesar: 尤利乌斯· 凯撒(100-44 BC) a Roman politician, military leader, and writer, who took control of the government of Rome and changed it from a republic to an empire, making himself the first Roman emperor. For this reason, he was murdered. He is also known as the first Roman leader to attack Britain. “I came; I saw; I conquered.”

18. Mark Antony:安东尼(?83-30 BC) an ancient Roman politician and soldier who supported Julius Caesar. He fell in love with Cleopatra, and after they were defeated in battle, they both killed themselves.

19. King Solomon: 所罗门(10th century BC) a king of Israel, the son of King David, who built the temple in Jerusalem(耶路撒冷), and is known for being extremely wise.

20. Sonnets 18 (ababcdcdefefgg) Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines,

21. By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall Death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

22. The Great Comedies: • A Midsummer Night’s Dream • The Merchant of Venice • As You Like It • Twelfth Night

23. The Great Tragedies: • Hamlet • Othello • King Lear • Macbeth http://www.willshakespeare.com