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Early Cold War

Early Cold War. Cold War. 45 year struggle between US and Soviet Union Global, world is polarized Never directly engage enemy focus is initially in europe, then asia becomes battleground. Roots in the Second World War. US & Brits never get along w/ USSR 2 nd Front E. Europe

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Early Cold War

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  1. Early Cold War

  2. Cold War • 45 year struggle between US and Soviet Union • Global, world is polarized • Never directly engage enemy • focus is initially in europe, then asia becomes battleground

  3. Roots in the Second World War • US & Brits never get along w/ USSR • 2nd Front • E. Europe • USSR wants security! US wants national self-determination 2. Post War Results: • divided and occupied Germany and Berlin • Eastern Europe: dominated by Soviet Union; incorporated into Warsaw Pact (55’) • Western Europe: dominated by United States and NATO (49’) 3. Winston Churchill: an “iron curtain” divides Europe

  4. Harry S Truman • 1945 - 1952 • Policy- • Foreign: • inexperienced, but good record! • Domestic: • little accomplished • Terrible relations w/ “Do- Nothing” 80th Congress

  5. Marshall Plan 1. Western Europe elect communists gov’t b/c of ruined euro economy’s 2. HST’s Sec of State Marshall wants the US to rebuild euro economy 3. HST gets 17 billion from stingy Congress 4. Eastern Europe turns it down

  6. The Cold War “Heats Up” 1. Soviet Union closed land access to Berlin • US airlifts 8K tons daily for 10 months • Soviets eventually back down 2. Truman Doctrine: • expands Monroe Doctrine to the world • US can help anyone who is threatened from internal subversion or external threat • later became “Containment” • Every president during Cold War follows this

  7. The Cold War “Heats Up”(cont) 3. 1949 • USSR- nukes • China becomes Communist • Chairman Mao defeats US backed capitalists • Democrats haunted by “loss of China” 4. Arms Race • series of “one ups man-ship” in both conventional and nuclear weapons • by ‘49 HST moves ahead on H-Bomb

  8. United Nations • FDR recreates League of Nations • Major Powers given seats in the Security Council (control blue helmets) 3. Security Council’s Powers (5/10): • decide when to use military forces • each permanent member has a veto power (US/USSR agree b/c of this) 4. General Assembly becomes “world’s congress” Permanent UNSC seats- US France Soviets Brits China (?)

  9. Korean War 1. North and South Korea divided along 38th Parallel after WW2 2. North Korea attacks Soviets and Red China give okay 3. US persuades the UN’s Security Council to intervene

  10. Korean War (con’t) 4. US pushed back to the Pusan Perimeter 5. Macarthur lands at Inchon and pushes NK to Yalu 5.Chinese intervene and route US forces who eventually stabilize around 38th Stalemate • 60% of 36,000 American deaths Chinese Intervene

  11. End of War Mac wants to nuke China and HST fires him… • Mac is talking to the press (no-no) • Mac Peace talks stall: • Exchange of prisoners is the hang –up • Stalin dies and this provides opening Ike wins in ’52; promises peace • by July of 1953 the war is over

  12. McCarthyism 1. America became paranoid about communism 2. named after Senator Joseph McCarthy (Rep, Wisc) • makes a name by making wild claims about communist infiltrating the State Dept • Ike and LBJ eventually expose him as a fraud Understanding McCarthyism Have you no sense of decency? 3. Conservatives attack anyone on the left as communist sympathizers (PINK) 4. Results: • anyone liberal is discredited • To be dovish on US Foreign Policy is political suicide until 1968

  13. Ike and the 50’s Dwight Eisenhower • Leadership! delagator • Fiscally conservative • Highest tax bracket +90% • encourages détente BUT firm with Soviets (carrot and stick) Helps check the growth of the military budget • By building nukes! Population trusts Ike

  14. I like Ike

  15. Nukes • Ike believed in “Bang for the Buck” • US was dependant on massive retaliation • MAD • 1957: Soviets launch sputnik • US fears Soviets have superior technology • Democrats exploit “missile gap” (doesn’t exist) • Ike gears education to defense • Sciences • Foreign language

  16. nuke test videonuke test pics

  17. Cold War shifts to 3rd World 1. USSR and China send aid to 3rd World insurgents and guerilla forces ….PROXY 2. world, not just euro, becomes polarized

  18. US backs democratic movements, but will support capitalist dictators where necessary Cuba- Batista is a thug Castro seizes power in ’59 Ike okay’s Bay of Pigs Invasion (4/’61) Latin America

  19. Middle East US regional goals: • Keep soviets out • Defend Israel ‘48 • Protect supply of oil Suez Crisis ’56 Nasser nationalizes canal • Israel, Brits, and France strike back • US slaps allies on the wrist for not consulting them

  20. US policy and intervention in Asia US goal- • Contain spread of communism • Support Chinese nationalist in Taiwan Domino Theory- SE Asia policy; if one falls, they all fall

  21. French-Indochina War Support France vs. Communism in Indochina • Pay 80% of France’s war • Ike won’t commit US troops • by ’53 it becomes apparent France will fail at Dien Bien Phu • Support oppressive Diem in South Vietnam Geneva Accords: • Divides Vietnam between Communist N and “free” S • Unification election to be held in ‘57

  22. Diem Mao Minh

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