The Early Cold War

1. 1945 1952 The Early Cold War

2. MAIN THEMES 1.   How the mutual mistrust between the United States and the Soviet Union combined with critical events of World War II to cause the Cold War. 2.   How the American policy of containment led to an increasing American involvement in crises around the world. 3.   How World War II ended the Great Depression and ushered in an era of nervous prosperity. 4.   How the Cold War contributed to a reluctance to return to domestic reform. That the immediate postwar era produced an anticommunist reaction, and how that reaction affected domestic American politics.

3. Origins of the Cold War • Wartime Diplomacy Jan 1942- Casablanca Nov/Dec 1943- Teheran Feb 1945 – Yalta July 1945 – Potsdam Teheran • Yalta

4. Origins of the Cold War • The Collapse of the Peace • Sources of Soviet--American Tension • Ideology • Geopolitics • Soviet Casualties / Soviet Security • Nuclear War • The Failure of Potsdam • Polish Government • Polish Territory • Future of Germany • The China Problem

5. The Cold War and The Collapse of the Peace

6. The Cold War • The Collapse of the Peace • The Containment Doctrine 1947 - The Truman Doctrine: Greece /Turkey • National Security Act of 1947 • National Security Council • Central Intelligence Agency • Creation of the Departments of Defense and Air Force

7. The Cold War • The Marshall Plan • Revival of Selective Service • Failure of Universal Service

8. The Cold War • The Collapse of the Peace • The Road to NATO 1948 - Berlin Airlift 1949 - North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1955 - Warsaw Pact

9. Debating the Past: THE COLD WAR • The New Left • William Appleman Williams • Walter LaFeber • Gabriel Kolko • Postrevisionism • John Lewis Gaddis • Melvin Leffler • Other • Tony Smith

10. American Politics and Society After the War • The Problems of Reconversion 1944 - Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (GI Bill) 1946 - UMW Strike • The Fair Deal Rejected 1946 - Social Security / Minimum wage 1947 - Taft / Hartley Act

11. The Election of 1948

12. American Politics and Society After the War • The Fair Deal Revived • Expanded Social Security • Low income housing • Discrimination measures • Integration of the Military

13. 1945 – Division on Korea Along • 38th Parallel • 1950 - NSC-68 • 1950 - North Korean troops cross • the 38th parallel The Korean War -The Divided Peninsula

14. The Korean War

15. The Cold War • The Korean War • Limited Mobilization • Office of Defense Mobilization • Increased Economic Growth • Civil Control Over the Military • Truman / MacArthur Controversy

16. The Crusade Against Subversion 1947- The Federal Loyalty Program - J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI 1947 - House Un-American Activities Committee 1948 - “Hollywood Ten” 1948 – Whittiker Chambers’ “pumpkin papers (Alger Hiss) 1951-53 - Rosenberg Case 1950-1964 - McCarthyism • “Twenty Years of Treason” • Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan • Army-McCarthy Hearings

17. The Beginning of the End of the Cold War • THE “NEW” GERMANY 1948 - Berlin Blockade 1949 - the Basic Law 1949 - 63, Adenauer Era 1954 Restoration of Sovereignty (with some exceptions) to the F.R.G. 1955 Entry into NATO and the Western European Union (WEU) 1961 Berlin Wall Erected 1969 – Election of Willy Brandt

18. OBJECTIVES • A thorough study of Chapter 29 should enable you to understand: • The background of United States relations with the Soviet Union before and during World War II. . • The source of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that led to the outbreak of the Cold War. • The meaning of the doctrine of containment and the specific programs that implemented the concept. • The significance of China's becoming communist to American foreign policy in Asia. • The circumstances that led to United States participation in a "limited" war in Korea. • The reaction of American public opinion to President Harry Truman's handling of the "police action" in Korea including his firing of General Douglas MacArthur. • The nature and extent of American fears of internal communist subversion during the early Cold War years.