Rolf van Dick Social Psychology (Winter 2010/11) Lecture 1: Overview and Introduction

1. Rolf van Dick Social Psychology (Winter 2010/11) Lecture 1: Overview and Introduction

2. vielfältige Themenauswahl: Stress / Gesundheit Identifikation Führung Motivation Gleichstellung und weitere Informationsveranstaltung: Mi, 03.11.10 11:40 -12h Jügelhaus, H16  im Anschluss an die Sozialpsychologie-Vorlesung bei Prof. Rolf van Dick Bachelorarbeiten in der Sozialpsychologie zu vergeben Wir freuen uns auf Ihr Erscheinen und Ihr Interesse!Prof. Rolf van DickDipl.-Psych. Sebastian Schuh & Dipl.-Psych. Alina S. Hernandez Bark

3. Social Psychology

4. Social Psychology

5. Who we are The manager: Prof. Dr. Rolf van Dick The surveyor: Dr. Nikolai Egold The brain: PD Dr. Johannes Ullrich The expert: Dipl.-Psych. Sebastian Stegmann Mr. Leadership: Dipl.-Psych. Sebastian Schuh Mrs. Leadership: Dipl.-Psych. Alina Hernandez Bark The helping hand: Rita Friedrich (Secretary) The scholars: Matthias Graf, Nina Junker, Frank Drzensky (Ph.D. students) The most important people: Anna-Franziska Lauer, Felix Schoppmann Lena Opitz, Maria Prochazkova, Samuel Schlunk, Stella May Lochner, Eva Leoni Brust, Alexander Kirchner, Marina Cherniak, Vanessa Ullrich (Student research and teaching assistants)

6. Rolf van Dick Studies in Marburg, 1989-1994 Lecturer and Assistant Professor 1995-2002 in Marburg Senior Lecturer und Professor of Social Psychology and Organizational Behavior at Aston University in Birmingham, 2003-2006 Research interests:Inter- and Intragroup processes, Applications of social identity theory in organizational fields such as diversity, leadership, mergers, teamwork..... Teaching:Social Psychology Lecture, ExPra, Colloquium Office hours: Tuesday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: van.dick@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

7. Nikolai Egold Studies in Marburg and Frankfurt Ph.D. On Customer orientation and customer satisfaction Research interests: Customer satisfaction, Organizational and Service climate, emotion work Research project: goethe barometer Office hours: Thrusday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: n.w.egold@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

8. Sebastian Stegmann Studies in Jena, Freiburg and Canberra (Australia) Research interests: Processes in and between groups in organizations, application and development of social identity theories and collective action regulation theory, multi-level social systems, leadership, diversity and organic pluralism and schools as workplace-environment. Office hours: Tuesday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: stegmann@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

9. Johannes Ullrich Studies in Frankfurt, Marburg and Milwaukee (USA) Ph.D. In the DFG Graduate school “Group related enmity”, 2007 Habilitation in Frankfurt, 2009 Research interests: Basic and applied socialpsychology with a focus on social identities, attitudes, and attitude strength Office hours: Tuesday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: ullrich@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

10. Sebastian Schuh Dipl.-Psych., Philipps-Universität Marburg My research interests are: Leadership, Identity Transfer, Organizational Identification, Fairness Job-Experience: Solon Management Consulting, Simon-Kucher & Partners, Capgemini - Consulting Services, Neuland & Partner Office hours: Tuesday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: Sebastian.Schuh@solon.de

11. Alina Hernandez Bark Dipl.-Psych., University of Bielefeld Main research:leadership, gender equality - particularly in executive positions, communication and social interaction in organisations, sexual discrimination Office hours: Tuesday 10-12, Kettenhofweg 128 Contact: HernandezBark@psych.uni-frankfurt.de

12. Rita Friedrich Manager of the general office and helping hand: Kettenhofweg 128, 1.OG Contact: R.Friedrich@psych.uni-frankfurt.de Tel.: 069/798-24958

13. Ph.D. students Frank Drzensky (personal initiative) Matthias Graf (Leader values and counter values) Nina Junker (Implicit Follower Theories)

14. Materials to accompany the lectures http://www.sozialpsychologie.uni-frankfurt.de/?page_id=307 Password: sozialpsych

15. Hogg & Vaughan, 5th edition http://www.pearson-studium.de/main/main.asp?page=bookdetails&ProductID=175368

17. 4 Credit Points = 120 hours • Lectures = 30 hours • Preparing for lectures (e.g. downloading and screening the slides) = 15 hours • Portfolio = 45 hours • Read the chapter along the slides! • Answer the sample questions! • What have I learned? • What did I NOT understand? • How can I apply the knowledge? • Revision = 30 hours

18. Schedule • IntroducingSocialPsychology 20.10. • AttributionandSocialKnowledge 27.10. • Selfand Identity 03.11. • Attitudes 10.11. • Persuasion and Attitude Change 17.11. • SocialInfluence 24.11. • People in Groups 01.12. • PrejudiceandDiscrimination 08.12. • Intergroup Behavior 15.12. • LeadershipandDecision Making 12.01 • Aggression 19.01. • Affiliation, Attraction, and Love 26.01. • ProsocialBehavior 02.02. • Revision 09.02. • Exam 16.02. 22.12.: Back-up

19. Some terms to predict – vorhersagen to influence – beeinflussen to shape – formen trivial – einfach to appreciate – wertschätzen tug-of-war – Tauziehen commonplace – gewöhnlich bias – Verzerrung accuracy – Genauigkeit outcome – Ergebnis to observe – beobachten to honk – hupen paralyzed – gelähmt survey – Umfrage attitude – Einstellung tentative – vorläufig magnitude – Ausmaß random assignment – Zufallszuweisung occurence – das Eintreten (einer Situation)

20. Literature, Films and TV

21. What is social psychology... Understanding Predicting Influencing

22. Social Psychological Questions • How and what do people think of one another? • How, and how much, do people influence one another? • What shapes the way we relate to one another?

23. The quizz You are all amateur practitioners already Thus, we seem to know everything already Is it trivial to study social psychological processes?

24. The quizz If you reward employees for activities they like doing, then they will • Like these activities even more • Like these activities as much as before • Like these activities less then before.

25. The quizz If you reward employees for activities they like doing, then they will c) Like these activities less then before.

26. The quizz The more often consumers have seen a commercial, they will appreciate the promoted product • More • Not more and not less • less

27. The quizz The more often consumers have seen a commercial, they will appreciate the promoted product • More

28. The quizz People pull harder in a tug-of-war when part of a team than when pulling by themselves. TRUE or FALSE ?

29. The quizz People pull harder in a tug-of-war when part of a team than when pulling by themselves. FALSE

30. The quizz Million-dollar lottery winners and people who are paralyzed report roughly similar levels of happiness. TRUE or FALSE ?

31. The quizz Million-dollar lottery winners and people who are paralyzed report roughly similar levels of happiness. TRUE

32. Did You Know It All Along?

33. Dr. Watson to Sherlock Holmes Anything seems commonplace, once explained.

34. S. A. Kierkegaard (1813-1855) “Life is lived forwards, but understood backwards”

35. Hindsight Bias Events in thepastappear simple, comprehensible, and predictable in comparison to events in the future The hindsight bias is the tendency for people with outcome knowledge to believe falsely that they would have predicted the reported outcome of an event. After learning of the occurrence of an event, people tend to exaggerate the extent to which they had foreseen the likelihood of its occurrence

36. Core Values of Science Accuracy Objectivity Skepticism Open-Mindedness

37. Forming and Testing Theories • Theory(integrated set of principles) • Hypotheses - Test a theory • - Direct research • - Practical implications of theories

38. A Good Theory… • Effectively summarizes a wide range of observations • Makes clear predictions

39. Systematic Observation Naturalistic observation-systematically observe behavior in natural settings Drivers honk more on hot days Surveys- large sample of people answers questions about their attitudes/behavior “Are you in favor of the death penalty?” (sampling and wording issues) Systematic Observation - behavior is systematically observed and recorded

40. Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations Correlational research asks whether two or more factors are naturally associated

41. Correlation Method Correlations are quantified using a scale from -1 to +1 A positive correlation means that X and Y are associated such that the higher X is, the higher Y is and vice versa The closer a correlation is to 0, the weaker the association Examples: The correlation of how confident an eyewitness is and her accuracy is +.03 The correlation of how important school performance is to a student and his self-esteem on days when he fails an exam is -.42

42. Interpreting Results Results considered significant if they occurred by chance fewer than 5 chances in 100 Results are viewed as tentative until replicated To assess the direction and magnitude of the effects across studies, meta- analysis is used Inferential Statistics - determine whether findings are real or due to chance

44. Interpret these correlations Pepsi consumption in any given month is positively correlated with street violence. Hours spent watching violent TV is positively correlated with violent behavior on the playground.

45. Interpret this correlation Example • Study in Sweden: • ca. 50 Swedish towns • Counted number of babies and number of stork nesting places • Result: towns with the most nests have the most babies • Why?

46. Correlational Research: Detecting Natural Associations • Experimental research manipulates some factor to see its effect on another • Why doing an experiment? • Infer causal relationships between constructs • Testing theoretical models

47. Experimental Research: Searching for Cause and Effect • Independent variable • Manipulated variables (by researcher) whose effects are measured and compared (i.e., analyses) • Dependent variable • Measures the predicted effects of the independent variables

49. Literature, Film and TV Das Experiment (2001) Oliver Hirschbiegel film – in German with English subtitles. The film starts with a fairly accurate treatment of Zimbardo’s Stanford prison experiment and does engage with ethical issues. But it deteriorates fairly rapidly into a dramatisation that would do Hollywood proud. This is a good example of how the popular media can seriously distort science and scientific issues and debates. The Double Helix (1968) book by James Watson. It is an account of how Francis Crick and James Watson identified the structure of DNA, for which they won the Nobel Prize. The book is very readable, engrossing and even thrilling. It shows how science is conducted – the rivalries, the squabbles, the competition, set against the backdrop of great minds and great discoveries. It captures the excitement of doing science.

50. Literature, Film and TV Lord of the Flies (1954) Williams Golding’s classic novel about the disintegration of civilised social norms among a group of boys marooned on an island. A powerful portrayal of a whole range of social psychological phenomena, including leadership, intergroup conflict, norms and cultures, conformity, deviance, aggression, and so forth. A very social psychological book. Reality TV shows in general (e.g. “Big Brother”, “Survivor”, “I’am a celebrity, get me out of here”) are all about social psychology – human interaction in groups, interpersonal relations, and so forth.