TELECOMMUNICATIONS

1. TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Presented By: Eddie Esquivel Department of Information Resources

2. Telecommunication Deregulation (State -1995) • History: H.B.2128 (74th Legislature) deregulates companies based on criteria: - Allowed for ILECs to “elect” to be deregulated; - Incumbent local exchange companies (ILEC) have Certificate of Need and Necessity (CNN); - Companies can apply for Certificate of Operating Authority (COA); or - Service Provider Certificate of Operating Authority (SPCOA) (reseller of ILEC services); and - Created the Telecommunications Infrastructure Fund Board • Issues : - Applicants for SPCOA must not have more than 6% of the inter-state long distance traffic. Excludes large telephone companies. Must apply for COA. - COA requires building an infrastructure serving 60% of the calling area (investment in new hardware and lines). - SPCOA are given a maximum of 5% discount. - SPCOA are not held accountable.

3. Telecommunication Deregulation (Federal -1996) • History: FTA96 passed by Congress in 1996. - Restricts states from keeping new companies from entering the local exchange market. - Requires ILECs to provide discounts between 25-35% to resellers (FCC Order). - Allows the Bell companies to enter long distance service based on 14 criteria (state allowed to interpret) and defacto state laws not covered by FTA96. - Universal Service: supported by mark-ups to business lines, local long distance, and long distance access fees. Enhanced service providers are exempt. - Access charge reductions. - ERATE funding.

4. Telecommunication Deregulation (Federal -1996) • Issues: - Pre-emption of state laws (6% provision and discounts for resellers). - Universal Service issues (deregulated Bells will not charge themselves access charges). - Court Challenges (UNE, resell pricing). - Information services: who pays for the national infrastructure and exemption of Internet service providers (enhanced service providers).

5. Sorting out the Environment • FCC dealing with Internet access issues (Joint Board); PUC is not (TIFB). • Federal Legislation on Internet Taxes • Long distance carriers lobby the Federal laws; Bells lobby state legislatures. • Current State Legislation: Senate Bill 560. - Reduction in access rates to 6 cents (over time). - PUC authority to deal with cramming, slamming, other provisions. - HB 1701 is companion bill. • When will the Bells get into long distance (UNE issue and OSS)? • Cable companies, Internet access, wireless technology and mergers. • What is an Information Service- video, Internet access, content, multi-apps?

6. Texas ILECs by Territory

7. LATA Boundaries Amarillo Wichita Falls Lubbock Dallas EL Paso Longview Abilene Midland Waco San Angelo Austin Beaumont Bryan Houston San Antonio Corpus Christi Brownsville

8. Regional Regional Regional Network Network Network Regional Regional Network Network Networking Trends Remote Networks Telephone Video Router Computer Statewide Networks

9. Government Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Government Criminal Justice Government Telemedicine Telemedicine Telemedicine Telemedicine Telemedicine Telemedicine Criminal Justice Telemedicine Criminal Justice Telemedicine Criminal Justice Telemedicine Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Criminal Justice Interconnecting to Statewide Information Resources Community Regional Networks Video/Data Internetworking Schools Internet Government Schools Community Regional Networks Community Regional Networks Schools

10. Technologies • Circuits - Time Division, Frequency Division, and Statistical Multiplexing • Packet Technology (Frame Relay, TCP/IP) • Cell Technology - Asynchronous Transfer Mode, B-ISDN • Fiber Technology - Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), SDH • Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) • Wireless and Satellite (Cellular, Spread Spectrum, CDPD, LEO, Geostationary, etc.)

11. Signal Level Carrier System T-1 Channels Voice Channels Digital Bit Rate (Mbps) DS0 DS1 DS1C DS2 DS3 OC-1 OC-3 OC-12 OC-48 N/A T-1 T-1C T-2 T-3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 2 4 28 28 84 336 1,344 1 24 48 96 672 672 2,016 8,064 32,256 0.064 1.544 3.152 6.312 44.736 51.84 155.52 622.08 2,488.3 Transmission

12. End Link End Link T 1 Repeated Line T 1 Repeated Line Satellite Lightwave T1-MUX or Router T1-MUX or Router CSU CSU Terrestrial Radio Network Interface Network Interface Repeaters Repeaters Coaxial Cable NetworkInterface Customer Premises Long Haul Carrier Link Customer Premises Radio Cable Link Modulated Carrier Transmission

13. TEX-AN NETWORK Current TEX-AN III Environment • In Existence and Operated by GSC Since 1974 • 2nd Largest Government-Operated Network in the Nation - 26,000 Circuits • Sub-Rate to DS3 Data Services • 27 Million Minutes Per Month of Voice Services • Serves Every Area of the State • 650 Customers - 2/3 Use by Choice • 25% Growth Rate in Services, 15% in Revenues

14. TEX-AN NETWORK

15. Technology in State Telecommunications • Greater Austin Area Telecommunication Network (GAATN) - Includes LCRA, AISD, City of Austin, U.T., GSC, Travis County and ACC - Fiber rings around the city (two super loops and eight nodal loops) - Independent development • VidNet: Statewide Video Network. • CAPNet: State complex FDDI ring for interagency communications. • Statewide Data Network. • Statewide Frame Relay Network. • Direct Internet Access. • Internet II: Originally, research network for 31 universities. Since, number has grown and U.T. and A&M have joined. • TEX-AN 2000 will include an ATM switching network.

16. TEX-AN NETWORK

17. TEX-AN NETWORK

18. TEX-AN NETWORK

19. TEX-AN NETWORK

20. TEX-AN NETWORK 6000+ Locations TEX-AN III Customer Locations Data as of September 18, 1998

21. TEX-AN NETWORK Over 16,000 Locations! Total Eligible Service Locations Data as of September 18, 1998

22. INTERNET NAPs High speed Internet access points

23. Internet and Texas State Government • Current Environment: Texas is viewed as a single “Intra-net” by the Internet community. The state is served by the General Services Commission in conjunction with the University of Texas and Texas A&M University. • TXBB: The inter-linked router hub system linking the state Internet Service Providers to the state network “TEX-AN.” • ISPs:AT&T, GTE/BBN, and Sprint have a total of four DS3 circuits. • Issues with Internet addresses: Limited number of addresses split among state entities. Who owns the addresses? • Issues with Common Internet Domain Routing (CIDR) blocks. • Other Internet issues including domain name services (DNS). • Of approximately 210 agencies and universities, 31 agencies do not have web sites. This is not a legislative requirement. • Texas State Library and Archives will provide space on server (TRAIL). • Agencies are required to have an e-mail address.

24. Internet: Electronic Commerce • Proposed Legislation: • Task Force to make a state portal for business. • Task Force to review what information should be online. • Task Force to review public testimony over the Internet • Rules for broadcasting over the Internet. • Acceptance of Payments over the Internet including use of credit/debit. • Requirement for agencies to include a strategy in their I/R Strategic Plan on using the Internet for accepting forms/registration. • Network Security - Digital Signatures • Network Resource Load • Costs

25. Law Enforcement Networking Issues • Department of Public Safety (DPS) operates the Texas Law Enforcement Telecommunication System (TLETS) - DPS is designated by the FBI as the central agency for the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) access - TLETS allows all state law enforcement agencies to access NCIC and DPS data, as well as other agency info (TxDOT motor vehicle files, TDCJ crime history files, etc.) • Upgrade of TLETS to meet NCIC 2000 requirements • Issues: Use of TLETS for other functions: - Local law enforcement needs to share data - Local law enforcement sees TLETS as “the state law enforcement network” • Satellite award to Hughes Network Systems.

26. Video Considerations • Quality video needed for application • Lots of motion • Acoustics • Video Network Speeds • 128 Kbps - PC video, low quality • 384 Kbps (1/4 T1) - Groups • Fractional to T1 - Higher quality • 37 Mbps - Full motion video

27. Video Considerations • Quantity of time in use • Scheduling • Usage sensitive • Locations • How many • Same or different • Point-to-Point or Multipoint

28. A B Bridge B A C D Network Connectivity Analog Dial-Up ISDN • Switched • Dedicated Point-to-Point • Dedicated Mutipoint • Packet Switching Frame Relay Asynchronous Transfer Mode

29. Voice/Video/Data Transmission Satellite Microwave tower Satellite dish Physical Transmission Cloud Media Wireless network node Copper Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber Cable Mobile Communications

30. Video Codec T1 V.35 RS449 Multiple Interfaces Telecommunication Device Wide Area Network T1, Fractional T1, ISDN, Switched 56 Telecommunication Device T1 V.35 RS449 Multiple Interfaces Video Codec Compressed Video Network Requirements

31. Video Codec Video Codec Telecommunication Device Telecommunication Device Wide Area Network T1, Fractional T1, ISDN, Switched 56 Multipoint Control Unit Telecommunication Device Video Codec MultiPoint Video Conferencing

32. Audio Codec Video Codec Video Conferencing Equipment Interfaces Audio Speakers Full Motion Video Monitors Graphics Monitor Outputs Audio Amp Interface Equipment T1, Fractional T1, ISDN, Switched 56 Control Interface Audio Mixer Inputs Data Connection Graphics Camera Personal Computer Microphones Full Motion Camera

33. Rec. H.261 Rec. H.221 I-400-Series Recs Video Codec Video I/O Equipment H.200/AV.250-Series Recs. Network Audio I/O Equipment Audio Codec Delay Network Interface MUX/ DMUX T-Series, H.200/AV.270-Series Recs., etc. Telematic Equipment MCU Recs. H.242, H.230, H.221 End-To-End Signaling C&I System Control End-To-Network Signaling I-400-Series Basic Structure of the ITU-T H.320 Set of Standards

34. Applications Distance Learning: Higher Education Universities: Texas A&M University University of Texas Systems Texas Tech University University of Houston Others: Stephen F. Austin University UTMB @ Galveston Austin Community College Several others

35. Applications Telemedicine - Physician and Patient Consulting Education Projects: UTMB Project with the TDCJ Units MHMR Project (Vernon and Terrell) TDH Project with South Texas Hospital

36. Applications Distance Learning: K-12 State: Texas Education Agency TSTARS TENET Project Consortiums: Southwest Center for Advanced Technological Education (SCATE: TSTC @ Sweetwater) Bailer University (McClennan County)

37. Applications Conferences - Executive Briefing, Mission or Staff Agencies: Texas Rehabilitation Comm. Texas Dept. of Transportation Department of Commerce Legislative Budget Board Texas Department of Health Higher Education Coordinating Board

38. Applications Hearings (Legislative, Judicial, Executive) Agencies: Court of Appeals Project (8th District) Supreme Court Disciplinary Hearings Board Office of the Attorney General, Federal Courts and TDCJ

39. VIDNET HUB SITES PHASE I & II Amarillo 20 Lubbock Wichita Falls 60 60 Denton 60 Dallas/ Fort Worth Sweetwater Tyler 60 200 200 60 Midland/ El Paso Odessa Waco 60 Nacogdoches 200 60 200 SWBT San Angelo Austin 200 20 60 UT 200 Beaumont San Antonio 200 200 Houston 200 Teleos 200 Hub/8 Hubs Corpus Christi 200 60 Galveston Teleos 60 Hub/16 Hubs (Gray Hubs are not installed, yet.) 60 200 Harlingen

40. Question: What is the Future of Telecommunications? or Answer: The Future is Telecommunications.