UCSC PERC COMPONENT: Protocols for Wireless Internetworks

1. UCSC PERC COMPONENT:Protocols for Wireless Internetworks J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves Computer Communication Research Group (CCRG) UC Santa Cruz http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/research/ccrg UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

2. Goals: • Protocols for QoS on the move for the wireless Internet. • Better understanding of how channel access and network-layer work and inter-operate in ad hoc networks. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

3. Proposed Work • MAC and network protocols to support“proactive QoS on the move”: • Use information about battery life, channel state, position of nodes. • Establish links and reserve bandwidth trying to improve end-to-end performance. • Use signaling protocols that reserve resources over multiple paths to destinations, without breaking TCP, for example. • Integrated routing and topology control: • Establishing links for unicast or multicast transmissions to neighbors is related to choosing the best paths to destinations. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

4. Proposed Work (cont.) • Unicast routing that disseminates routing information only for those destinations that are wanted or required • Hybrid approach combining on-demand and table-driven techniques (e.g., all nodes now about Internet attachment nodes and “cluster heads” and only a few know about a single node) • Integrated multicast routing and topology control • Paths taken by multicast packets over multicast meshes and links in multicast meshes are determined by QoS requirements UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

5. I I II IR IR IR IR IR IR IR II II II I I Why We Look at Topology Management R: Router IR: Internet Radio 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 1 IR 1 e g f 1 d 2 2 3 IR 1 1 2 1 i h LAN C b c a LAN B Internet R LAN A • Establishing links changes the topology • New topology changes routing! (should be done proactively) • MAC layer works for the network layer and adds, deletes • or modifies links accordingly • Net layer decides which links should be established for QoS • routing UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

6. WILD IDEA SPECIFICATION AND VERIFICATION ANALYTICAL MODELS SIMULATION MODEL PROTOCOL IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM Informal proofs GloMoSim and ns2 code of link and network protocols HARDWARE IN THE LOOP SIM. Approach PERC Proactive QoS on the move UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

7. R R sensor and appliance internet servers R R ... R storage R ... R system area network ... personal vritual computer R R R R R R ... R ... R I/O device ad hoc internet I/O device Impact: Enabling Wireless Internetworking IP Internet Seamless wireless extension. Available bandwidth, reliability of links, and battery life of nodes are key parameters UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

8. Progress and Results • 12 refereed papers being published in 2002 (ACM Mobicom 2002, IEEE ICNP 2002, and other ACM and IEEE conferences). • Two Ph.D. students advanced to candidacy and are expected to graduate during the Fall 2002 or Winter 2003 quarter. • Program Co-Chair of ACM MobiHoc 2002. • Research results have been applied to networks with directional antennas in collaboration with Raytheon (DARPA FCS program). UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

9. Progress and Results • First analytical model of collision avoidance protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.11) operating in ad hoc networks [IEEE ICNP 02]. Protocols perform worse than what prior models indicated. • HAMA: First channel access protocol that supports conflict-free unicast, multicast, and broadcast transmissions concurrently, using only two-hop neighbor information [IEEE ICNP 02]. • ROMA: First channel access protocol that supports conflict-free transmissions using only two-hop neighbor information in networks with directional antennas [ACM Mobicom 02]. • NEST: First node-centric hybrid routing approach; nodes maintain routes proactively to “netmarks” and maintain routes to peer nodes on demand [ IEEE IC3N 02]. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

10. Future Activities • Extend analytical models • Consider directional antennas, sensing ranges, differences in transmission ranges, interaction between unicast and broadcast flows. • Explore collision avoidance schemes for ad hoc nets that provide better fairness and throughput. • Flow-oriented channel access that is conflict-free and distributed. • Consider two-hop neighborhood, battery life, and flows. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

11. Future Activities • QoS hybrid routing with constraints. • Consider hybrid hierarchical routing, including QoS routing data in AODV and other protocols. • QoS multicasting over meshes. • Support multicast groups without establishing trees, and with no need for flooding the entire network or relying on an underlying routing protocol. • Topology management: • Establish virtual topologies proactively using same information used for scheduling and routing. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

12. Schedule To date: Analytical model of sender-initiated collision-avoidance protocols in ad hoc networks with omni antennas; collision-free MAC protocols based on 2-hop neighborhood; basic hybrid routing using link-state information. 6 months: Extensions of analytical model for collision-avoidance to address directional antennas and receiver-initiated schemes. 9 months: Flow-oriented conflict-free MAC; hybrid routing with multiple netmarks. 12 months: QoS hybrid routing; apply approach to AODV; QoS multicasting over meshes. 24 months: Topology management heuristics that extend battery life; hierarchical QoS routing and multicasting. 36 months: Integrated scheduling, routing and topology control approach for QoS on the move. Start (June 00) Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 UCSC Baskin School of Engineering

13. UCSC Baskin School of Engineering