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Bell Ringer:

Bell Ringer:. Remember your current event so we can talk about them! Put your current event write up on my desk. Political Change. Africa vs. Middle East Independence Movements vs. Older, traditional, upper-class or even royal generations. Iraq and Jordan: British Monarchs after WW2

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Bell Ringer:

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  1. Bell Ringer: Remember your current event so we can talk about them! Put your current event write up on my desk.

  2. Political Change • Africa vs. Middle East Independence • Movements vs. Older, traditional, upper-class or even royal generations. • Iraq and Jordan: • British Monarchs after WW2 • Arab Kingdoms • The sons of Sharif Husayn of Mecca. • Egypt: • Army officers overthrow King Farouk, placing Gamal Abdel Nasser in power.

  3. Social Change • Egypt: • Social Reforms: • Took control of industry & businesses, passed laws limiting work hours, established a minimum wage, created many social services. • Nasser insisted that modernization along socialist lines was the key to independence! • Ba’athism • rise or rebirth • Pan-Arab Nationalism to Socialism (mid-1950’s). • Syria, Iraq, Lebanon. • New Generation of Western-Educated Arab Intellectuals.

  4. Socialism or Dictatorship • Socialism or dictatorship?: • For many New Middle Eastern Governments, socialism ends up being the first step towards dictatorships. • Nasser preaches a new brand of Pan-Arabism combined with socialism. • The UAR (United Arab Republic) • 1958- Syria Joins • 1961-Syria broke away, in fear of Egyptian Domination • The only thing Egypt and Syria had in common was their opposition of Israel.

  5. Iran • Post WW2: GB and Soviet Union occupied Iran. • US and GB force Soviets out. • Iran remains primarily British. • The Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. • Mohammad Mosaddeq (MOSH-ad-dek) • Popular Iranian nationalist Leader • Prime Minister of Iran in 1951 • 2 Goals: • Establish a Constitutional Government. • Free Iran from foreign Interference.

  6. Iran (cont) • Mosaddeq’s plan (cont): • Limit power of the shah and strengthen the Iranian Parliament. • Nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. • These moves Outrage Britain and Iranian conservatives who supported a strong monarchy! • Brittan calls the nationalization illegal and organizes a worldwide boycott on Iranian oil. • 1953; the US C.I.A. wants Mosaddeq out! • Mohammad Reza Pahlavi • By 1960, Pahlavi (the Shah) controlled Iran and ran it as a dictatorship.

  7. Turkey • Following WW2, Turkey’s secular and progressive policies were kept in motion by Turkey’s new President; President Ismet Inonu. (i-nuh-noo) • His predecessor was Mufasta Kumal • Pressure from Soviet Union • Turkey joins NATO in 1952. • Free Elections • 1945 Inonu allows a multi-party system. • 1950 Inonu looses in the 1st Free Election in Turkey • Adnan Menderes

  8. Gamal Abdel Nasser

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