Immigration in the United States during the Industrial Revolution

1. ImmigrationintheUnitedStatesduringtheIndustrialRevolution

2. Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups

3. Reasons for Increased immigration “HEAR” • Hope for opportunity • Jobs, Land, a Better Life PULL FACTORS

4. End toOppression. • Freedomfrom Tyranny • Freedom from oppressive governments HEAR

5. HEAR • Adventure. • The great unknown; stories of the “West.”

6. Religious Freedom. • Escaping Discrimination. • Southern & Eastern Europeans: • Ex: Catholics, Jews, HEAR

11. Problems Faced by immigrants

12. Immigrant challenges: • In need of jobs • languagebarrier • discrimination • poor living conditions, • trouble adjusting to “city” life, or a new culture.

13. Discrimination against immigrants

14. Chinese Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: prohibited skilled and unskilled laborers from China from entering the United States Really….kept the Chinese out of the United States

15. Irish • Irish came to United States during the potato famine • (1840s) and steadily to the United States • throughout the rest of the 1800s. • Irish were very poor, considered illiterate, and • were mainly manual workers (unskilled and • semi-skilled) • Ended up a the bottom • rung of American society

16. Challenges faced by growing cities Filth, Disease, Illness, Fires, Bad Water, Poverty, and Homelessness

17. Tenements: • Crowded, Small Apartments run by “slum lords.” • Usually poorly built and dangerous.

18. A tenement house… Like several in many large cities, it was overcrowded, in disrepair, and often had only one bathroom with running water per floor

20. Ghettoes: Run down city neighborhoods. • These parts of the city are where the poorest of the poor lived. • Rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods.

22. Efforts to solve problems faced by immigrants/poor

23. 1. Settlement Houses: The Hull House in Chicago founded by Jane Addams.

24. Jane Addams devoted her life to helping the new immigrants and the underprivileged She also won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931

25. The Hull Mansion pictured here is the sole remaining building at the location of the original Hull-House. The rest were demolished to make way for the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois.

27. Immigrant children at Jane Addams' Hull House in Chicago

29. Political Machines: • Powerful political parties who helped immigrants in exchange for vote

30. Helped immigrants get jobs, housing, food, etc. • Helped immigrants become citizens • Political Machines often accepted bribes and “kickbacks” • Political Machines often used illegal • ways to gain power. • The most famous of these political machines was “Tammany Hall” run • by “Boss” Tweed

31. Why did cities grow so rapidly • Specialized Industries (like steel mills, meat packing, and textiles). • Immigration to America increased. • Migration from rural (farms) to urban (city) areas. • (Sudden) rapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements