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The Industrial Revolution in the United States

The Industrial Revolution in the United States. The Rise of Big Business. Oil. Steel. Wildcatters went looking for oil –found in Spindletop , TX Kicked off 20 year oil boom in TX Learn to refine crude oil for gasoline Helps with transportation and industry. Allows production of railways

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The Industrial Revolution in the United States

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  1. The Industrial Revolution in the United States The Rise of Big Business

  2. Oil Steel • Wildcatters went looking for oil –found in Spindletop, TX • Kicked off 20 year oil boom in TX • Learn to refine crude oil for gasoline • Helps with transportation and industry • Allows production of railways • 1st transcontinental railroad connects at Promontory Summit, UT • Railways create time zones Effects Transportation and Labor

  3. Entrepreneurs- risk takers who started new ventures (businesses) • Capitalism – businesses are privately owned Economics and Business

  4. Laissez-fair – “allow to do” or “leave alone” – no government interference • Social Darwinism – Stronger businesses would prosper, weaker ones would fail Economic Philosophies

  5. a business with the legal status of an individual • Owned by people who buy stocks in the company • Board of directors make decisions • Advantages: can expand by selling stock; stockholders only lose money they have invested, can exist after founders leave CORPORATIONS

  6. BIG BUSINESSMEN of INDUSTRIALIZATION

  7. Standard Oil Company • Used vertical integration – acquiring companies that supplied the oil business • Uses Horizontal integration – bought other oil refineries John D. Rockefeller

  8. Born a Poor Immigrant • Worked for Penn RR and invested money • Founded Carnegie Steel Company • Devoted time to building public libraries and financing Education Andrew Carnegie

  9. Invested in RR • Became very wealthy and his holdings stretched from Michigan and Canada • Gave money to Education Cornelius Vanderbuilt

  10. Designed and built sleeper cars that made long distance travel possible George Pullman

  11. The Government tries to intervene

  12. Put in place to try to lessen the power of corporations • Illegal to form trust that interfere with free trade • Government did not enforce Sherman Antitrust Act

  13. THIS CREATED MONOPOLIES! WHAT IS A MONOPOLY??????

  14. Monopoly: A situation in which a single company or individual owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service Monopolies

  15. THE FORMATION OF LABOR UNIONS What is a LABOR UNION and WHY DID THEY FORM?????????

  16. European immigrants worked industry • African Americans worked as laborers or household help • 1900: 1 in 6 children between the ages of 10-15 held a job outside the home • Laborers start to organize to pressure companies for safer workplaces and better pay Labor Unions

  17. Leader – Terrence V. Powderly • Accepted unskilled workers, women, African Americans, and employers • Asked for 8 hour work day, end of child labor, and equal pay for equal work • Boycotts and strikes were the main tactics KNIGHTS OF LABOR

  18. STRIKES

  19. BOYCOTTS

  20. Great RR Strike Haymarket Riot • 1877 – protested for cut wages • 2 workers for 2 RR blocked movement of trains • Strikes spread • Stopped freight for over a week • Resulted in mobs and death • 1866 – over 1500 strikes over wage cuts • Chicago – Haymarket Square crowds protested police action • Bomb was thrown – panic stricken – 11 dead by end • Blamed foreign unionist

  21. Great RR Strike and Haymarket Riot

  22. Employers forced employees to sign documents stating they wouldn’t join unions • Blacklisted trouble makers to keep them from getting hired at new jobs HOW DID BIG BUSINESS RESPOND TO UNIONS?????

  23. Led by Samuel Gompers • Won wage increases and shorter workweeks • Setbacks occurred for unions from Homestead strike and Pullman strike American Federation of Labor

  24. Urban (City) Life Creates a NEED for Transportation

  25. People needed ways to move about locally • Created Streetcars, subways, automobiles

  26. Orville and Wilbur Wright make first flight in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, NC • From Dayton, OH AIRPLANES

  27. COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION and other Technology

  28. Wires were strung along RR and used Morse Code to communicate TELEGRAPH

  29. Patented by Alexander Graham Bell • By 1900 more than a million telephones in offices and households TELEPHONE

  30. Christopher Latham Sholes • Designed the 1st practical typewriter and keyboard (still used today) – opened jobs for women as typists Typewriter

  31. Responsible for over 1000 U. S. Patents • First phonograph and telephone transmitter • 1st safe electric light bulb, brought electricity network to NY City • Invented motion picture camera and projector • Known as the Wizard of Menlo Park Thomas Alva Edison

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