& Ancient History

1. & Ancient History

2. ANCIENT HISTORY I. PEOPLING THE EARTH

3. Peopling the Earth Asia and North America were joined by land bridges, where hunters crossed looking for animals. As population grew and climates grew warmer migration occurred into South America

4. Peopling the Earth Human civilization started in Africa and spread through the middle east and Asia. We talked about how these civilizations survived last year in Ancient History. The people of Mesopotamia and the many contributions that were made such as: Levees, dams, the shift from nomads to settlers who could grow their own crops.

5. Peopling the Earth Many civilizations in North America that you should know: • Aztecs- Took over most of Mexico, warlike group • Mayan- Astronomy, time & calendar • Olmecs- First civilization in MesoAmerica • Incas- South America

6. US History Native Americans

7. Native Americans Eastern Woodland Southeast Plains Great Basin Southwest Great Basin Northwest Coast Mexico Caribbean These are the main groups of Indians - Many contributions

8. US History II. Colonization and Settlement

9. II. Colonization & Settlement 1492 Christopher Columbus landed in the caribbean looking for the Indies French, Spanish, and English were the majority of the colonizers of the Americas • Cortez & Pizarro amongst the Spanish conquistadors who settled in America. First Explorers: • English- Cabot • French- Cartier • Dutch- Hudson

10. US History III. Impact on Natives

11. III. Impact on the Natives Columbian Exchange- people, goods, items, diseases, slave that moved west with Columbus. Many natives died off from Malaria and smallpox, no immunity They were also killed, enslaved, and displaced. Natives taught Europeans how to survive in many areas but were still killed off.

12. M-STEP BOOKLET

13. US History Foundations in US History and Geography

14. A) Jamestown & the 13 Colonies First english settlement Started by the Virginia Company (they payed for it) Named after King James I Settlers came for religious, economic & adventure. Companies wanted land in America to make a profit

15. B) Declaration of Independence Approved by all 13 states on July 4th 1776 Explained why the colonists were leaving Britain.

16. C) Mayflower Compact Governing Document of Plymouth Colony Previous colonies failed due to lack of government paved the way for the American Revolution Government did not hold allegiance to the King

17. D) Creation of Government in the 13 colonies Representative government - allows people to choose their leaders Each colony chose a representative Colonists wanted to be heard, king ignored them Wanted a system of checks and balances King George III was tyrannical (explain)

18. E) 13 States v Louisiana purchase 13 states on the East Coast Next to the water • Import/ Export • Resources • Growing Crops Louisiana purchase is the midwest good prairie farmland Except for Louisiana area

19. F) Causes of the American Revolution Increased frustration with the policies of Britain After the French & Indian War Britain needed money More taxes Proclamation of 1763 & no representation Proc.1763 halted westward expansion John Locke argued that government should be subject to the people and if they take away rights of the people, they then have the right to rebel.

20. G) Geographic Advantage of the Colonists v British When troop and supply levels were low,new shipments had to come from Britain. Colonists had a numerical advantage Fighting on their soil with heart Knew the land Food supply by local sources Outdated orders for Britain

21. H) Ben Franklin Founding Father Went to Europe to secure French support Without Fance the revolution may have been in favor of the British Helped draft the declaration Inventor

22. I) Contribution to the American Revolution Thomas Paine Father of the American revolution Pro-independence pamphlet Promote American revolution & democratic government King George III Responsible for American Revolution Marquis de Lafayette French General who was at Yorktown when British surrendered

23. J) Articles of Confederation First Constitution of the USA Strengths • Created union • declare war • Negotiate Weaknesses • Federal government could not tax • Large v Small states given one vote • Large states have to pay more money

24. K) Plantation System & growth of slave trade Main Method of agricultural production Free labor due to having slaves allowed for labor intensive cash crop growing Rice, cotton, tobacco, sugar Became part of southern economy

25. L) French and Indian War Spanish power declined after British defeated their armada Last of 4 wars between the British and the French Ended France's reign in the colonies William Pitt’s leadership aided the British win despite French & Indian alliance. The cost of the war was one factor that led to the American revolution.

26. M) Virginia House of Burgesses First elected legislative body Founded by the Virginia Company

27. N) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Structured the government of the Connecticut Colony. First written constitution in the west Many principles used in the constitution

28. O)Samuel Adams Leaders of the American Revolution Convinced Continental Congress to issue the declaration used influence to stir anger about the British treatment led to Boston Massacre and tea party

29. US History II. Revolution & the New Nation

30. A)Arguments for & against ratification of Constitution Federalist: • Supported ratification (approval) • Thought constitution would protect freedom & rights Anti- Federalist: • Too Centralizing • Too much federal government power

31. B)Northwest Ordinance ---> Expansion of the USA Allowed governments to be set up in western territories Allowed for territories to join USA How: • When 5,000 males moved into the territory they made an assembly • 60,000 people they could make a constitution • Approval = state

32. C) Territories Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio were acquired by the USA from Britain though the treaty of Paris. Louisiana purchase was a purchase from France that included 14 present day states in the plains area.

33. D) Separation of Power 3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial Article I- outlines powers of congress. Article II- executive branch powers Article III- Judicial power to the supreme court

34. E) Republicanism In the Constitution Emphasizes individual liberties, inalienable rights, and sovereignty. Rejects inherited power and gov. corruption Different from democracy Democracy can remove rights from a minority In a republic inalienable rights cannot be taken

35. F) Constitution forcing republicanism Created a senate controlled by states Electoral college instead of popular vote preserve state power Supermajority to amend constitution Rights held by citizens in bill of rights

36. G) Process of changing constitution Constitution can be changed that's the genius of the document The bill must pass both houses of congress • senate & house of reps win by ⅔ majority then goes to approval by states

37. H) Bill of rights First 10 amendments to the constitution • only 27 total Rights include • Free speech, religion, press, assembly, petition. Bear arms. Quartering soldiers. Search & seizure. Double trial. Speedy trial. Civil trial. Cruel & unusual punishment, excessive bails/fines. Rights not mentioned. Rights of states.

38. I) Free speech Crucial to a free society because this is the first step of voicing displeasure with the government, officials, or the policies that are in place.

39. J) Ratification Process Federalists in favor of constitution • wanted strong federal government Anti-federalists • thought the constitution would take away states rights Superior organization of the federalists led to the ratification by ¾ of the states

40. K) General Structure of government Virginia plan- Representation in congress should be based on state population New Jersey plan- each state should have equal representation Connecticut Compromise (great compromise)- • Equal Rep- 2 senators • House of Rep- based on population • Handle finances

41. L) 3/5ths compromise North said slaves should be counted toward taxes not population South said slaves should count towards population not taxes (more representation) They would be counted as 3/5’s of a person for both taxes and population

42. M) Major Federalists and Anti-Federalists Federalists • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison Anti- Federalists • Thomas Jefferson • Patrick Henry Compromise was strong central government with checks and balance and bill of rights

43. N) Mercy Otis Warren Female political writer Wrote under an alias until she printed books under her real name

44. O) Philadelphia Convention of 1787 This convention was responsible for the Great compromise, signing of the constitution, ⅗ compromise. George Washington served as leader and James Madison (father of the constitution) as secretary.

45. P) Constitution Constitution has three parts • Preamble • 7 articles explaining the powers of each branch • Bill of rights- first ten amendments

46. US History III. Expansion & Reform

47. A) Louisiana Territory acquired from France for $15 Million Included the area from the Mississippi to the Rockies Initiated between Jefferson (USA) Bonaparte (FRA)

48. B) Monroe Doctrine Statement of foreign policy Created by John Quincy Adamsand James Monroe Stated that Europe should not interfere with issues of the USA, vise versa.

49. C) Manifest Destiny Belief that the USA was destined to take over the land from Atlantic to Pacific.

50. D) Temperance Movement Led by women to decrease the consumption of alcohol. Led to an amendment that prohibited alcohol It was later repealed or removed