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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Introduction to Networking Concepts. Introducing TCP/IP Addressing. Network address – common portion of the IP address shared by all hosts on a subnet/network. Host address – the part of the IP address the uniquely identifies each host on a network

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Networking Concepts

  2. Introducing TCP/IP Addressing • Network address – common portion of the IP address shared by all hosts on a subnet/network. • Host address – the part of the IP address the uniquely identifies each host on a network • The Network and Host parts of the address are determined by the subnet mask. • Default Gateway – a way out of our network. Allows us to communicate outside the LAN.

  3. IPv4 vs IPv6 • IPv4 uses a 32 bit address and subnet mask – sometimes broken down into legacy “classes of networks” (page 4) • IPv4 addresses are running out – techniques such as Private IP addresses are being used along with NAT to help save some addresses. (page 5) • IPv6 uses 128 bit. Provides up to 2^128 unique addresses. 20AB:0db8:85d3:1218:8a2e:0370:7334 is an exaple of an IPv6 address • IPv6 address use a 48 bit subnet mask.

  4. Introduction to DNS • DNS – provides a mechanism for associating meaninful host names with network address. • It is easier to remember names than numbers. • DNS plays a strong role in Server and Internet functionality. • DNS is the main name resolution technique used in todays networks. Previous to this was the HOSTS file. • Show hosts file

  5. DNS benefits • Scalable – capable of adding mutliples names to the database without affecting performance. Distributes workload among DNS servers. • Transparency – Host names remain constant even when associated IP address change. • Ease of Use – Use names to access resources instead of numerical IP addresses. • Simplicity – Users need to learn only one naming convention to find resources on the Internet.

  6. DNS namespace • Hierarchical – tree structure page 7.

  7. Intro to DHCP • DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • Automatically assigns IP address to Hosts on the network

  8. Benefits of DHCP • Centralized administration • Dynamic host config –elimates need for manually entering IP addresses • Seamless IP host config – no user intervention • Scalability – scales from small to large networks. Can add almost unlimited number of hosts. • Flexibility – Can easily change IP configurations when the infrastructure changes.

  9. DHCP Relay Agent • DHCP uses broadcast messages – routers block broadcast messages so a relay agent must be used in between network segments.

  10. Configuring clients without DHCP • Automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA) – Windows machines that can not find a DHCP server will then be given an APIPA address. 169.254.X.X • Alternate Configuration – can be used when clients connect to a network that does not offer DHCP.

  11. Routing and Remote Access RRAS • RRAS can allow us to use our Windows Server sytem as a Router if we do not have one. • RRAS can allow clients to connect remotely to the server as if they were on the network. VPN is an example of this.

  12. Network Access Protection NAP • Feature that allows network admins to specify policies that define who has access to the network. • Similar to BSC’s protection on Lab PC’s • For example if a computer is brought in that has no Antivirus it will be put in a quarantined section so it can’t affect other clients on the network.

  13. You Learned • Network protocols create a logical language that allows computers to communicate. • The most commonly used network protocol on modern networks is the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite. • There are currently two implementations of TCP/IP: TCP/IP version 4, or IPv4, and TCP/IP version 6, or IPv6.

  14. You Learned (cont.) • Each host on a TCP/IP network needs to be configured with a unique IP address. • TCP/IP networks use the Domain Name System (DNS) to map human-readable machine names to IP addresses and vice versa, such as mapping the www.cpandl.com host name to the 10.10.1.104 IP address. Lesson 1

  15. You Learned (cont.) • DNS provides name resolution to allow meaningful names to be used to refer to network addresses. • DHCP is a simple, standard protocol that makes TCP/IP network configuration much easier for the administrator by dynamically assigning IP addresses and providing additional configuration information to DHCP clients automatically. Lesson 1

  16. You Learned (cont.) • Network administrators can use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to automatically assign IP addresses to multiple client computers. • Clients may be configured to use APIPA or an alternate static IP address configuration if DHCP is unavailable.

  17. You Learned (cont.) • The Routing and Remote Access service provides the ability to use a Windows Server 2008 computer as a router, which passes network traffic from one TCP/IP network to another, as well as remote access capabilities using either dial-up or VPN technology

  18. You Learned (cont.) • To allow administrators to enforce network security policies, such as mandatory anti-virus or firewall configurations, Windows Server 2008 has introduced the Network Access Protection (NAP) enforcement platform.

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