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Kingdom plantae-Presentation

Kingdom plantae-Presentation

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Kingdom plantae-Presentation

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  1. Kingdom plantae

  2. kingdom plantae phanerogamae cryptogamae Are commonly called seed plamts • Gymnospermae • Angiospermae Spore Producing plants. Do not produce seeds and flowers. They reproduce sexually by gametes. Sex organs are concealed

  3. Cryptogamae • Algae • Bryophytes • Pteridophytes Division-ALGAE -MOSTLY AQUATIC SOME BEING TERRESTRIAL -GROW ON OTHER PLANTS,AQUATIC ALGAE GROW ON MARINE WATER AND FRESH WATER -FREE LIVING OR SYMBIOTIC MAY BE SMALL UINICELLULAR MICROSCOPIC LIKE CHLORELLA(NON-MOTILE) CHLAMYDOMONAS(MOTILE) -MULTICELLULAR UNBRANCHED FILAMENTOUS LIKE SPIROGYRA.

  4. -BRANCHED FILAMENTOUS LIKE CHARA -CELL WALL MADE UP OF 2 LAYERS INNER CELLULOSIC AND OUTER PECTIN, ALGAE CONSIST OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL (ESSENTIAL) ACCESARY PIGMENTS ARE CHLOROPHYLL-B,C,D. CAROTENCOBILINSES XANTHOPHYLLS AND PHYCOBILINS -REPRODUCTION 1)VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION BY FRAGMENTATION (IN FI;AMENTOUS FORMS) CELL DIVISION IN UNICELLULAR FORMS 2)ASEXUAL BY FORMATION OF MOTILE AND NON MOTILE FORMS 3)SEXUAL BY FORMATION AND FUSION OF GAMETES

  5. DIVISION-BRYOPHYTA(MOSS PLANTS) -ARE TERRESTRIAL PLANTS -REQUIRE EXTERNAL WATER FOR FERTILIZATION ALSO CALLED AMPHIBIAN PLANTS. -GROW ON SHADDY AND MOIST PLACES,MOIST WALLS ,DAMP ROCKS,MOIST SOIL AND DECAYING LOGS -BODY IS NOT DIFFRENTIATED INTO ROOT ,STEM AND LEAVES -TRUE ROOTS ARE ABSENT BUT RIZOIDS ARE PRESENT -RHIZOIDS ARE UNICELLULAR IN LIVERWORTS AND MULTICELLULAR IN MOSSES. -ABSORB WATER AND MINERALS -VASCULAR TISSUES ARE ABSENT

  6. REPRODUCTION BY 1)VEGETATIVE MEANS IE-BY TUBERS AND GAMMAE 2)ASEXUAL BY SPORE FORMATION 3)SEXUAL BY GAME FTES FORMATION. EG-LIVERWORTS,HORNWORTS,MOSSES

  7. Division pteydophyta -are first vascular plants and hence considered as the first sucessful terrestrial plants with true roots,steam ,and leaves. -also known as vascular cryptogams with vascular tissue. -do not produce flowers,fruits,and seeds. -are terrestrial, small,either annual or perennial and grow luxiriently in moist and shady places. -may be aquatic,xerophytic,epiphytic,(grow on large trunk of trees)

  8. -show heteromorphic alteration in generation -sporophyte diplpoid ,autotrophic,independent,present with root and leaves. -primary root replaced by adventitious roots. Steam may be aerial or underground. Leaves are scally,simple and sessile or large. In this xylem and pholem concist of trachid and sieve cells.absence of cambium -sporophyte show asexual reproduction and produce spores by meosis -sexual reproduction by gammets.

  9. -are of 2 types 1)heterosporous-produce 2 type spores small microspores and large megaspore.) 2)homosporous-produce 1 type of spores called sporangia -methods of reproduction 1)apogamy- sporophyte develop without fusion of male and female gametes.are haploid.arise from gametophyte. 2)apospory-development of gamatophyte from any cell of the sporophyte other than spores.are diploid

  10. phanergamae -division gymnosperms(naked seeds) -plants with naked seeds. -are vascular trees having xylem with tracheids and pholem with sieve cells. -produce seeds without flower and fruits. -heteromorphic alteration of generation. -sporophyte are diploid dominant,and autotrophic and independent.

  11. -gamatophyte are haploid recessive and dependant. -plant body diffrentiated into root,steam and leaves. -root system is with tap roots. -steam is mostly ,erect,aerial,solid and cylindrical. -steam may be branched or unbranched. -leaves may be simple needle like or scale leaves are membranous ,small, brown. -secondary growth seen in gymnosperms de to cambium. -are heterosporous produce microspore in microsporangia and macrospore macrosporangia. -sporangia borne on leafs known as sporophylls.

  12. Polination is anemophilous(wind pollination) -fertilization by pollen tube, -vegetative reproduction by bulbils. -also called living fossils,as it found in living as well as fossil forms. -are the tallest plants.

  13. Flowering Plants Seeds in a fruit (angio = container) Double fertilization (see life cycle) Like other pollen producers, is not dependent on water for fertilization Angiosperms DIVISION ANGIOSPERMS -advanced division of flowering plants. -seeds are enclosed within the fruit. -highly evolved terrestrial plants. -contain root,steam,leaves,fruits,flower,and seeds. -vascular tissue xylem,pholem well developed. -show heteromorphic alteration and generation. - sporophyte are diploid dominant,and autotrophic and independent - gamatophyte are haploid recessive and dependant.

  14. -are heterosporous produce microspore in microsporangia and develop in highly specialized microsporophyll(stamens). and macrospore macrosporangia and develop in highly specialized megasporophyll(carpels) -

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