The Present Progressive:

1. The Present Progressive: In Spanish we use the Present Progressive tense to talk about "what is happening at that moment" In English we use gerunds, or words that end in "-ing" I am playing basketball. I am eating tacos. She is sleeping. However, unlike in English, if the action is ongoing, you would not use the present progressive in Spanish. You would simply use the regular present tense. Example:María is studying medicine at UNC ->> María estudia la medicina a UNC. **The present progressive is used for things happening at that moment, and although she studies medicine, she may not be studying at that moment...**

2. So how do we form the present progressive, Srta. Dixon? Good question... Let's look at a phrase in English, and translate it into the present progressive... I - SUBJECT AM- VERB PLAYING- PRESENT PARTICIPLE BASKETBALL- NOUN I amplayingbasketball. Yo estoy jugando el baloncesto. YO - SUJETO ESTOY- VERBO JUGANDO- GERUNDIO EL BALONCESTO- SUBSTANTIVO ESTAR + GERUNDIO

3. Present Participle: You form the present participle by taking the AR/ER/IR endings off the verb and adding -ANDO/-IENDO -ar --> -ando -er --> -iendo -ir --> -iendo Examples estudiar --> estudiando comer --> comiendo escribir --> escribiendo

4. Of course there are some verbs that do not follow the regular pattern: -ir stem-changing verbs that stem-change e-ie or e-i in the present also stem-change in the present participle but only make an e-i change. sentir --> sintiendo (to feel) pedir --> pidiendo venir --> viniendo decir --> diciendo -ir stem-changing verbs that stem-change o-ue in the present also stem-change in the present participle but only make an o-u change. dormir --> durmiendo morir --> muriendo *poder --> pudiendo 
(*poder is the only -er verb to make such a change.)

5. -ar and all other -er verbs DO NOT stem-change in the present participle pensar --> pensando jugar --> jugando volver --> volviendo devolver --> devolviendo The verbs ir and oír and also verbs that end with -aer, -eer and -uir 
(but NOT -guir) have present participles that end with -yendo.(The i changes to y.) ir (to go) --> yendo oír (to hear) --> oyendo traer (to bring) --> trayendo leer (to read) --> leyendo huir (to flee/run away) --> huyendo seguir (to follow/continue) --> siguiendo <---stays the same

6. Práctica con el presente progresivo: Use a dictionary to look up words Translate: John is writing a letter. Edwin is eating a salad. Stephanie and Kathryn are reading some books. They are not listening to the teacher. She is going to the movies. The soccer players are playing soccer. He is sleeping in the class. I am washing the dog. Jim is making the bed. We are learning the present progressive.

7. Más práctica..... Ella ____________ (leer) la Biblia. Yo ________ (escribir) una carta para mi papá. Tú __________ (leer) un libro. Nosotros ____________ (oír) la radio. Papá _________ (traer) el gato al veterinario. Los perros ___________ (comer) el carne. Mamá ___________ (correr) en el parque. John ____________ (hacer) la tarea. Edwin y Juan _________ (ir) al zoológico. Luis y Roberto _____________ (lavar) los platos. Yo ____________ (cerrar) la puerta. Ella ______________ (bailar) con Paco.

8. Possession in Spanish... In Spanish there are NO apostrophes. You cannot say:









 Jorge’s perro (George's dog) You must say: El perro de Jorge (The dog of George)

9. de + Noun Tengo el cuaderno de Felipe. I have the notebook of Felipe. I have Felipe'snotebook.

10. La hermanade Maria es bonita. The sister ofMaria is pretty. Maria's sister is pretty.

11. Translate the following: 1. Mark's birthday is in June. 2. Ms. Dixon's dog is white.

12. Possessive Adjectives: (Our) nuestro a, os, as (Their/
Your (formal) (My) mi / mis (Your) tu / tus (His/ Her/ Your formal) ------------------------------------ su / sus su / sus

13. (My) Singular- Mi Mi libroMy Book Plural- Mis MislibrosMy Books My sister: ____ hermana My brothers: ____ hermanos (Your) Singular- Tu Tu libroYour Book Plural- Tus Tus librosYour Books Your sister: ____ hermana Your brothers: ____ hermanos

14. His/Her/Your(formal) Singular- Su Su libroHis/Her/Your Book Plural- Sus SuslibrosHis/Her/Your Books His sister: ____ hermana His brothers: ____ hermanos

15. **Noun + Possessive Adjective Agreement!** Our Masculine Singular- Nuestro Nuestro libroOur Book Plural- Nuestros NuestroslibrosOur Books Feminine Singular- Nuestra Nuestra mochilaOur Backpack Plural- Nuestras NuestrasmochilasOur Backpacks

16. Their Singular- Su Su libroTheir Book Plural- Sus SuslibrosTheir Books

17. Some examples: mi perro mis perros tu libro tus libros su amigo sus amigos nuestro gato nuestros gatos nuestra blusa nuestras blusas

18. Translate: 1. My backpack is blue and green. 2. Our clothing is new (nuevo). 3. Your cat is orange. 4. Your dogs are white. 5. Our homework is hard (difícil).

19. Possessive pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns.   Possessive pronouns are pronouns that show ownership andtake the place of the noun. For instance, the possessive pronoun “mine” can take the place of “my book”. Possessive Adjective v. Pronouns Adjective: My book is on the table Pronoun: Mine is on the table. Adjective: Your car is green. Pronoun: Yours is green. Adjective: Their house is the third house. Pronoun: Theirs is the third house. Remember Possesive Adjectives from Spanish 1: My – mi(s) Your – tu(s) His, Her, Your (formal) – su(s) Our – nuestro(a)(s) Their, Your (formal) – su(s)

20. Possessive pronouns Pronouns take the place of nouns.   For instance, the possessive pronoun “mine” can take the place of “my book”.

21. Each pronoun has four forms. The form of the pronoun agrees with the thing possessed, not with the possessor. Possessive pronouns must agree in 1. number (SINGULAR OR PLURAL) 2. gender (FEMININE OR MASCULINE) with the noun they are replacing. Su chaqueta es roja, pero la mía es azul His jacket is red, but mine is blue.

22. Since el suyo has many meanings, you can avoid confusion by subsitituting el de, la de, los de, las de plus the appropriate pronoun.  For example:   · mi pluma y la de ella (la suya) (My pen and hers) · mis libros y los de usted (los suyos) (My books and yours)  

23. After any form of the verb ser, the article (el, la, los, las) is generally omitted if you are just showing possession. Por ejemplo: · El libro es mío (not "...el mío"). · Las revistas son tuyas. · El perro es nuestro Son mías=They are mine. (shirts-las camisas) El carro es tuyo=The car is yours. Es suyo= It’s his/hers/yours.

24. Also, the article (el, los, la, las) is used after ser to express the one that belongs to (me, you, him, etc.) Por ejemplo: · Estos libros son los míos.  
(These books are the ones that belong to me.) · ¿Cuáles son los tuyos?  
(Which are the ones that belong to you?)

25. Instructions: On a separate piece of paper write out the complete sentence in Spanish substituting the English words for the correct Spanish adjectives and pronouns. My hermana es más fea que yours. Their casa es blanca; ours es roja. My madre es mexicana; and yours? My clases son fáciles; ¿cómo son yours? Esta clase es más fácil que theirs. Our clases no son tan difíciles como hers. My diccionario es rojo; hers es azul. Your familia y mine son grandes. Estos libros son mine. Este cuaderno es his. Their ciudad es famosa, y ours también. (la ciudad = city)

26. Demonstrative Adjectives Adjectives describe people and things. Demonstrative adjectives in English are: 






 
this, that, these, and those There are only four in English There are 8 in Spanish, because of gender. They come before the noun and they have the same gender and number as the noun they describe.

27. Adjectivos Demostrativos Demonstrative adjectives (use before a noun) must agree in both gender and number with the noun that they modify. Ese refers to something near the person addressed. Aquel refers to something far from both the speaker and the listener. Location is key to knowing what demonstrative adjective to use. If the speaker has an item, or it is close to the speaker, he will use the demonstrative “this” or “these”. If the speaker doesn’t have the item, but it isn’t very far away, he will use “that” or “those”. To refer to something far away, we use “that over there” or “those over there” (there is no equivalent to this one in English).

30. Example sentences: Este libro es bueno. This book is good. Estos platos son grandes. These plates are book. Quiero enviar esta carta. I want to send this letter. Quiero estas revistas. I want these magazines. Quiero aquel coche. I want that car. (over there) Quiero aquellos periódicos. I want those newspapers (over there) Quiero aquella silla. I want that chair (over there) Quiero aquellas faldas. I want those skirts (over there). http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=tbX_zy754o0

34. Demonstrative Pronouns Juan reads this book. (adjective) Juan lee este libro. Juan reads this. (pronoun) Juan lee este. That statue is Greek. (adjective) Esa estatua es griega. That (one) is American. (pronoun) Esa es americana.

35. Práctica: Translate the following sentences into Spanish. Remember that the demonstrative pronouns carry an accent, whereas the adjectives don't. That girl is prettier than this one. (más bonita que) This class is easier than that one. (más fácil que) This isn't my pencil; that is. Is this your girlfriend? This is my favorite class. This guy is smart; that one isn't. That's my notebook; this one's yours. What is this? Whose book is this? Whose magazines are these? Whose dog is that over there? Whose books are those over there?

36. Demonstrative Pronouns Juan reads this book. (adjective) Juan lee este libro. Juan reads this. (pronoun) Juan lee éste. That statue is Greek. (adjective) Esa estatua es griega. That (one) is American. (pronoun) Ésa es americana. <--this modifies the noun <--- this replaces the noun <--this modifies the noun <--- this replaces the noun

37. Practice: ^She bought ese bag when she went to Paris.

38. Demonstrative Pronouns are used in place of the noun. They must agree in number and gender with the noun they modify. Demonstrative Pronouns show where someone or something is located in relation to the speaker. Examples: This car is new. Este carro es nuevo This is new. Éste es nuevo. 
 These shoes are old. Estos zapatos son viejos. These are old. Éstos son viejos. 





 Those classes are fun. Esas clases son divertidas.Those are fun. Ésas son divertidas.

39. New vocabulary day == día hour == hora today == hoy month == mes yesterday == ayer tomorrow == mañana last week == la semana pasada last year == año pasado the day before yesterday =

40. Preterite Verbs: El Pretérito Preterite means “past tense” Preterite verbs deal with “completed past action” The ending tells who did the action. -ER/-IR endings -AR endings -amos -é -imos -í -aste -iste -ó -aron -ió -ieron

41. más con el pretérito... Note: Verbs that stem-change in the present tense do no have a stem change in the preterite. Example: cerrar-to close I close the windows every day. Yo cierro las ventanas todos los días. But yesterday I didn't close the windows. Pero ayer no cerré las ventanas.

42. There is a spelling change in the yo form for verbs whose infinitive ends in: -car c -> qué -gar g -> gué -zar z -> cé All of their other preterite forms are regular. Examples: 
Buscar - yo bus tú busc Pagar - yo pag él pag Almorzar -yo almor ellos almorz

43. quick check: 1. I played soccer. 2. You bought a red hat yesterday. 3. Felipe looked for blue shoes. 4. Martha used a credit card to buy the cotton dress. 5. We practiced the preterite.

44. ir – fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron dar – di diste dio dimos dieron ver – vi viste vio vimos vieron querer – quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisieron hacer – hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron venir – vine viniste vino vinimos vinieron poder – pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudieron poner – puse pusiste puso pusimos pusieron saber – supe supiste supo supimos supieron decir – dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijeron traer – traje trajiste trajo trajimos trajeron conducir – conduje condujiste condujo condujimos condujeron (to drive) tener – tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvieron estar – estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron andar – anduve anduviste anduvo anduvimos anduvieron (to walk) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFUAWMMdE7c

45. Writing assignment: Individually, you are to write a paragraph about the last time you went shopping (real or imaginary). Must include vocabulary from your list. Must be in the PAST TENSE. 
 Who did you go with? What did you buy? What is cheap? expensive? Where did you go to buy it? When was it? * hace + tiempo = how long ago... Hace dos días.. 2 days ago.. If you bought clothing, describe it.. Must be 5-7 complete well written sentences.

46. So.. remember when I said that there were no irregular stem changes in the preterite tense..... well... I lied... -ER/-IR verbs with spelling changes are those that have double vowels in their endings like: Leer, Oír, Caer: leer- to read leí leímos leíste ------ leyó leyeron í ímos íste ---- yó yeron accents in the yo through the nosotros form 3rd person singular and pluarl change from i -> y

47. Let's practice!! creer- destruir- caer(se)- construir- oír- excluir-

48. Translate the following sentences: 1. They read a book to the children. (leer) 2. He didn't believe the news. (creer) 3. Susana an Isabela heard the song. (oír) 4. The children fell off the bus. (caerse)

49. Also..... I lied about -IR verbs in the preterite tense... They DO stem-change!...sometimes... For the 3rd person singular and plural (él/ella/Ud/ellos/ellas/Uds) they change from E -> I and O -> U Servir- to serve Dormir- to sleep serví servimos serviste ------- sirvió sirvieron

50. Fill in the following blanks with the correct conjugation. 1. Celia ______________ (sentirse) muy mal ayer. 2. Yo _____________ (mentir) anoche. 3. ¿___________ (dormir) usted bien anoche? 4. ¿___________ (preferir) ellos la falda roja o la falda morada? 5. Los gatitos no ____________ (morir). 6. Tanner ____________ (competir) en el partido del fútbol.