Diet and Health

1. Diet and Health Infectious Disease Chronic Disease

2. Infectious Disease • caused by microorganisms • exposed to millions a day • immune system protects • good nutrition can strengthen • malnutrition can weaken

3. Immune System • diligent and silent • body becomes vulnerable when immune system fails • first line of defense • skin • mucous membranes • GI tract • phagocytes: scavengers of the system

4. second line of defense • lymphocytes • specific response to antigens present on invading microorganisms • B-cells: produce antibodies, travel to site of infection, put up a red flag for phagocytes • T-cells: go directly to site of infection, defense against non-self cells

5. Nutrition and Immunity • immune system is most sensitive to nutritional changes • PEM: protein-energy malnutrition

6. depressed immune systems may benefit from supplements • HIV • attacks the immune system • HIV wasting syndrome • may determine the duration of survival • nutrition intervention can help

7. Chronic Diseases

8. Chronic Disease • multiple risk factors • genetics • physical activity • smoking • lifestyle: including nutrition

9. Cardiovascular Disease • disease of heart and blood vessels • starts with plaque: result of diet of saturated fat • blood clots can form • increase in blood pressure • coronary heart disease and/or stroke

10. risk factors • age, gender, family history, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking • atherogenic diet • high in saturated fats, low in fruits and veggies

11. dietary strategies for CHD • lower intake of saturated fats • reduce salt intake • increase fiber (bind cholesterol, reducing absorption) • phytosterols: resemble cholesterol chemically, compete for absorption

12. Hypertension • blood flow to kidneys is reduced • response is increase blood volume and constriction of vessels • risk factors • smoking, alcohol, diabetes, gender, age, hereditary, obesity, race

13. Nutrition and Hypertension • weight control • physical activity • dietary approaches to stop hypertension • DASH • fruits and vegetables • decrease salt

14. Diabetes Mellitus • metabolic disorder • high blood glucose due to insufficient or ineffective insulin • Type 1 • autoimmune disorder • Type 2 • overweight

15. Nutrition and Diabetes • same amount of carbs each day • spaced evenly throughout the day • keeps blood glucose steady • use the exchange system

16. Cancer • healthy immune system is critical • environmental factors should be a concern • sun • smoking • pollution • obesity

17. Nutrition and Cancer • cancer initiators • alcohol and tobacco combo • head and neck cancers • carcinogen • grilling over direct flame • red meat • colon cancer • acrylamide • potential carcinogen • from potatoes fried or baked at high temps

18. cancer promoters • may accelerate tumor development • high kcal diets • high fat diets • especially saturated and trans-fatty acids • cancer antipromoters • fruits and vegetables • antioxidants: beta-carotene, vitamin C and E • maintain a variety of food • dilutes the negative of any one food

19. General Recommendations • chronic diseases are not caused or prevented by diet alone • dietary recommendations for CVD, diabetes and cancer do not contradict • obesity is a common link