Oikodomos – Bratislava Workshop 14th - 20th October 2009

1. Oikodomos – Bratislava Workshop 14th - 20th October 2009 Principles of effective housing Andrea Bacová, Viera JoklováFaculty of Architecture STU, Bratislava, Slovakia

2. Wooden folk architecture – Vlkolínec, Nord Slovakia, In Unesco from 1993 The authentic folk housing architecture in Slovakia has a lot of regional differencies. It is the result of the heritage of generations, which have adapted their life to the natural, social and cultural conditions of specific region.

4. In the north, mountain part of Slovakiawith a lot of woods, the basic building material has been timber. The permanent woodcraft has been integrated to the living scenario of the past common society. During the centuries the repeated dispozitions of wooden houses with two or three interior spaces, covered by wooden shingles, embodied theeffective unity of material, construction and architectural form

5. In the south part of Slovakiathe house has been constructed from clay. This material has been combined by stone and partly by timber, wickers and straw. The columned entrance – veranda (gang), with its stuccoed or carved decorations, represented the more boastful housing architecture.

6. Dubravka – old village, longitudial grounds and housing structures,re-constructions

7. Dubravka – old village, re- arangement of longitudial grounds and new housing design

8. Is this effective housing? Bratislava Petržalka

9. Effective housing design Development scenario Social scenario Spatial quality scenario Variable inputs Variable inputs

10. Zahorska Bystrica DevinskaNova Ves Lamac Dubravka Centre

11. A. Development scenario A1. Utilization and respect of local sources

12. A. Development scenario A1. Utilization and respect of local sources

14. Examples of effective residential design (optimal density): Residential complex Cmyk, Prešov, arch. Irakli Eristavi, 2007, Reconversion of the residential complex (1,8 ha) from the after war period (1950). Housing units: 190, density: 222 inhabitants per hectare. The function and urban structure has been preserved and at the same time designed a lot of and small flats. Main aspects of effectivity: density, social and living patterns, construction economy, architectural composition.

15. Residential complex Cmyk, Prešov, arch. Irakli Eristavi, 2007, social scenario

16. Residential complex Rozadol, Bratislava, arch. Peter Moravčík - Juraj Šujan, 2007 Context, spatial quality, adequate houses proportions

17. Residentiaal complex Rosadol in the new structure witch applies the stair, corridor and point – high type of residential house. Basic spatial concept applies the division on public, semipublic, semiprivat and privat spaces.

18. Residential complex Koprivnica, Bratislava, arch. Andrej Gurtler, Anton Kiska, 2007 Spatial layout with building blocks

19. Residential complex Koprivnica, Bratislava, arch. Andrej Gurtler, Anton Kiska, 2007 Higher part of the façade optimally corresponds with the urban structure, building has special expression and articulation to parter, body and roof

20. Optimal Layout - Residential complex Koprivnica, Bratislava, Flats have optimal size, most of them are double room flats for young families, singles and older inhabitants (for 2 members households)

21. Effectivity visible in plan dispozitions – optimal size of the housing units, division on day and night zones, common closed corridor, lodgies.

22. Optimal layout enables the interior/ exterior contacts, through big glasses walls. Residential complex, Karloveske Rameno, Bratislava, arch. Juraj Šujan – Karol Stassel, 2006 Flat with 4 rooms (Rozadol, Bratislava) with typical layout and division to daily and night zone, or social and private zone.Optimal space for contemporary family (4members). Living room with kitchen in one space, 3 rooms, equipment.

23. Typical building material for housing buildings in Slovakia are bricks, cement, iron supported cement, rarely wood, which is applied sometimes in family houses. Fasades apply ceramics, stone and polyvinyl systems. Energy pasport – which express the energy efficiency of buildings is nowadays the complusory certification of all new or re- vitalized buildings

24. Residential complex Mondrian, Bratislava , arch. Alexy-Klimková, 2003: application of actual materials for the aesthetic expression of facades (west façade like Mondrian picture)

27. To the effective housing design belongs the optimal segregation of cars, walkers and cyclists and the optimal solution of parking places. Underground parking with the ratio 1:1,5 or 1:2 (for 1 housing unit 1,5-2 parking places). Technology solution is determined by the modul, which is nowadays 7,5 m (width for 3 cars).

28. Compact facades without thermical bridges support ecology concepts and energy saving design . Residential complex Mondrian, Bratislava , arch. Alexy-Klimková, East facade

29. Residential complex Karloveské rameno, Bratislava, arch. Juraj Šujan – Karol Stassel, 2006 Residential blocks are optimally oriented, with south orientation of terraces. Interior hall is designed like the light internall street – spine of the house and light source (through roof windows. It is at the same time the space for social contacts of the inhabitants.

31. Residential complex Eden-park, Bratislava, 2 – room flats, plans Statistics show that the most desirable are nowadays 2 and 3 rooms flats with the living area around 70m2. They are most wanted by the actual young and middle generation. The price of such dwellings should be able to pay by the usage of hypothece bank products.

32. Effective design should suppress the phenomenon of „social lonelyness in the city” by the adequate articulation of private, semi private, semipublic public and public spaces, which effectively facilitate the social contacts within variable living context.

34. Immesurable parameters of effective design are encoded in our perceptions and experiences - memory spatial footprint, image, genius loci, feelings of safety, social integrity, spatial orientation, urban democracy and support of the endangerests (disabled, ill, children, seniors,etc)

36. Thank you for attention andrea.bacova@stuba.sk joklova@fa.stuba.sk