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Jerome:

Jerome:. Saint Biblical Scholar Doctor of the Church. DE VIRIS ILLUSTRIBUS. 325: Nicea I 331: Birth of Jerome 361-363: Julian the Apostate 380: Edict of Thessalonica 381: Constantinople I 391: Closing of Pagan Temples 410: Sack of Rome by Alaric Sept. 30 th 420: Death of Jerome.

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Jerome:

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  1. Jerome: Saint Biblical Scholar Doctor of the Church

  2. DE VIRIS ILLUSTRIBUS 325: Nicea I 331: Birth of Jerome 361-363: Julian the Apostate 380: Edict of Thessalonica 381: Constantinople I 391: Closing of Pagan Temples 410: Sack of Rome by Alaric Sept. 30th 420: Death of Jerome S. Ambrose S. Anastasius I (P.) S. Athanasius S. Augustine S. Basil S. Cyril of Jerusalem S. Damasus I (P.) Didymus the Blind S. Epiphanius S. Gregory Nazianzus S. Hilary of Poitiers S. Innocent I (P.) Ss. John and Paul S. John Chrysostom S. Julius I (P.) S. Martin of Tours Pelagius S. Siricius (P.)

  3. PRINCIPIUM 331: Born at Stridon ~342-347: Grammar (Rome) ~347-351: Rhetoric (& Law?) ~Before 366: Baptism ~350s-360s: Trier, Stridon, Aquileia ~372: To Antioch, via Athens

  4. MONACHUS Lent 374: Vision of Judgment ~374-377: The Syrian Desert 377-381: Antioch and Constantinople 382-385: Rome Again 385-386: Holy Land Pilgrimage 386-420: Bethlehem Vision of St. Jerome by Bernardino Mei, 1657-60

  5. ASCESIS • Popularizer of Monasticism • Letters & Example • Translated St. Pachomius’ Rule • Criticized tepid clergy/laity • Polemical battles for objective superiority of consecrated life • Defended Perpetual Virginity of Mary • Against Helvidius • Dialogue Against the Pelagians Penitent St. Jerome by Georges de la Tour, 1628-30

  6. CONTROVERSIAE • Meletian Schism • 4th Century Soap Opera • Saints on all sides • Jerome tried to stay out of it • Asceticism/Monasticism • Still new to the West • Noble Roman Ladies • Death of Blesilla St. Jerome as Cardinal by El Greco, 1610-14

  7. CONTROVERSIAE • Origenism • Proto-Protestantism • Against Vigilantius • Communion of Saints • Relics • Married Clergy • Pelagianism • Monastery attacked • Library burned St. Jerome by Marinus van Reymerswale, 1541

  8. RUFINUS -Childhood/School friend -Monk, settled in Bethlehem -Devoted fan of Origen -393: Rupture w/Jerome -397: Reconciliation, to Italy -397-8: Translates Origen, prefaces implicate Jerome -Drama and Intrigue- -410: Rufinus dies, rupture continues

  9. AUGUSTINUS 394: Augustine writes Jerome -Important letters miscarry- 398-9: Jerome hears of letter, incensed at Augustine -Exchange of letters: Jerome suspicious, Augustine deferential 404: Augustine has won Jerome’s friendship & respect -Later assist one another vs. Pelgianism St. Jerome and St. Augustine by Carlo Crivelli, c. 1490

  10. VIR LITTERARUM -Master of the Latin Language -Wrote in almost every genre -Knew Greek, Hebrew, Syriac -Impressively well-read -Extraordinary Translator -Accomplished Interpreter -Capable Theologian

  11. COMMENTARIA • 374: First Commentary • Obadiah (Allegorical) • Others: • 387/8: Philemon, Galatians, Ephesians, Titus • 389: Ecclesiastes • Genesis, Psalms, Micah, Nahum, Habbakuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Job • 12 Minor Prophets (again), Daniel, Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah (incomplete) St. Jerome in His Study by Albercht Dürer, 1514

  12. HEBRAICA VERITAS -First studied Hebrew in Syria -Continued rest of his life -Often did double translations -Used Hexapla of Origen, et al. -Eventually argued for Hebrew canon vs. LXX = Septuagint = Greek OT -Apologetic concern: Jews -Still quoted “apocrypha” as Scripture St. Jerome in His Study by Jan van Eyck, 1432?

  13. BIBLIA SACRA VULGATA -383/4: Pope Damasus asks J. for revision of Old Latin Bible -Jerome re-translates Gospels (beginning of Vulgate), and Psalms (now lost) -389: Ecclesiastes -391-405: Entire Old Testament St. Jerome in His Study by Domenico Girlandaio, 1480

  14. SPIRITUS PARACLITUS • Sept. 15, 1920 • 1500th Anniversary of the Death of St. Jerome • Goal: Present St. Jerome as a model, inspire “assiduous and reverent” study of Sacred Scripture Pope Benedict XV 1914-1922

  15. SPIRITUS PARACLITUS • Brief Biography • Jerome: Doctrinal Model • Inspiration • Authority of Scripture • Total Inerrancy of Scripture • Includes Historical Truth • Reaffirms Leo XIII • Condemns abuse of principles • Example of Christ Communion of St. Jerome (Detail) by Domenichino, 1614

  16. SPIRITUS PARACLITUS • Jerome: Pastoral Model • Love of Scripture • Preparation & Good will • Fidelity to Church • Clergy under greater obligation to biblical fluency • Goals for biblical studies: • Advancement in Spiritual Life • Doctrine Last Communion of St. Jerome (Detail) by Botticelli, c. 1495

  17. SPIRITUS PARACLITUS • Jerome: Exegetical Model • Seek the Four Senses • Literal first • Continue to the Spiritual • Commentators: • Be clear, straightforward • Love of Scripture leads to love of the Church • Everything in Scripture points to Christ The Four Doctors of the Church with the Symbols of the Four Evangelists (Detail) by Pier Francesco Sacchi, 1516

  18. BENEDICT XVI “What can we learn from St Jerome? It seems to me, this above all; to love the Word of God in Sacred Scripture. St Jerome said: "Ignorance of the Scriptures is ignorance of Christ". It is therefore important that every Christian live in contact and in personal dialogue with the Word of God given to us in Sacred Scripture. … However, to avoid falling into individualism, we must … read it in communion with the living Church.”

  19. VIR CATAGRAPHISSIMUS St. Jerome in His Study by Lucas Cranach the Elder, 1520s

  20. BIBLIOGRAPHIA • Steinmann, Jean. Saint Jerome and His Times. Trans. Ronald Matthews. Notre Dame, IN: Fides Publishers, 1959. • Kelly, J.N.D. Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies. London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd., 1975. Reprint Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1998 • Available on www.Vatican.va: • Benedict XV Encyclical SpiritusParaclitus Sept. 15, 1920 • Benedict XVI Audiences on Nov. 7 & 14, 2007 • Available on www.NewAdvent.org: • Jerome’s Letters • Polemical Works • Select Prefaces • Illustrious Men • Lives of Malchus, Paulus, Hilarion

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