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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33 Review of Nineteenth Century Europe

CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33 Review of Nineteenth Century Europe. Nineteenth Century Europe. I. Revival in French speaking Europe. A. Swiss revival. Background: Francis Turretin (1523-1600). Robert Haldane (1764-1847). Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans.

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CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33 Review of Nineteenth Century Europe

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  1. CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 33Review of Nineteenth Century Europe

  2. Nineteenth Century Europe I. Revival in French speaking Europe A. Swiss revival Background: Francis Turretin (1523-1600) Robert Haldane (1764-1847) Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans J. H. Merle d’Aubigne (1794-1872) History of the Reformation 1849 Free Reformed Church - Geneva

  3. B. New life in France Background: Church in the desert 1802 – Reformed churches legally recognized Monod brothers Adolph Monod (1802-1856) Farewell “as a dying man to dying men” AN UNDIVIDED LOVELoving and Living for ChristAdolphe Monod, Translated and Edited by Constance K. Walker • “I have a Savior! He has freely saved me through his shed blood, and I want it to be known that I lean uniquely on that poured out blood. All my righteous acts, all my works which have been praised, all my preaching that has been appreciated and sought after—all that is in my eyes only filthy rags.”

  4. II. Renewal in the Netherlands A. Revolutionary (Enlightenment) thought B. Groen van Prinsterer “The Secession” of 1834 Reformed Church C. 1886 “De Doleantie” or “the weeping” D. 1892 Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Pastor, newspaper editor, Prime Minister Educator: Free University of Amsterdam (1880) Theologian: Stone lectures at Princeton Seminary (1898) Neo-Calvinism = Reformed world and life view “God’s greatness and almightiness do not limit and bind themselves to the narrower domain of salvation of souls but permeate our whole human life. And with every one of us, according to our talents and calling, love for God must express itself in every department of life with equal zeal and power.” Abraham Kuyper 1837-1920 To Be Near Unto God

  5. “Christianity & Liberalism”

  6. How or why did many churches fall away from orthodoxy to liberalism? The Importance of Ideas “False ideas are the greatest obstacles to the reception of the Gospel. We may preach with all the fervor of a Reformer and yet only succeed in winning a straggler here and there if we permit the whole collective thought of the nation or of the world to be controlled by ideas, which by the resistless force of logic prevent Christianity from being regarded as anything more than a harmless delusion. Under such circumstances, what God desires us to do is to destroy the obstacle at its root. Many would have the seminaries combat error by attacking it as it is taught by its popular exponents. Instead of that, seminaries confuse their students with a lot of German names unknown outside the walls of the universities. That method or procedure is based simply upon a profound belief in the pervasiveness of ideas. What is today a matter of academic speculation begins tomorrow to move armies and pull down empires.” J. Gresham Machen

  7. Five influence books Ideas came from renaissance, romanticism, rationalism • On Religion: Speeches to its Cultured Despisers (1799) • Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1824) Christianity is not in ideas, books, morality, but in religious consciousness The moving of religion from confessions, propositional truth, to subjective, what I feel inside me

  8. Origin of the Species (1859) Charles Darwin (1809-82) “An explanation for almost everything; the place God had previously held in people’s minds” “No matter how crooked the road from Darwin to Hitler, clearly Darwinism and eugenics smoothed the path for Nazi ideology, especially for the Nazi stress on expansion, war, racial struggle, and racial extermination” From Darwin To Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany Richard Weikart

  9. 3. Essays and Reviews (1860) Liberal Manifesto by 7 clergymen of the Ch of England Basic premise: “read the bible like you read any other book” 11,000 clergymen opposed Ideas never fully go away

  10. 4. The Christian Doctrine of Justification and Reconciliation (1874) Albrecht Ritschl (1822-89) Christianity is not what you believe but what you do Social Gospel “the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man” Liberal sermon theme: “Let me suggest that you try to be good”

  11. 5. What is Christianity? (1900) Adolph Harnack (1851-1930) What is the ‘essence’ or the ‘kernel’ of Christianity? The personality of Jesus Why would anyone crucify the Christ of liberal Protestantism?

  12. C. Failure of liberalism in life and doctrine: World War I Optimistic humanism dies in the face of the evil of WWI “All that horrible long night I walked along the rows of dying men, and much of my German classical philosophy broke down.” 2 reasons for liberalisms failure: 1)Failure to produce real answers Paul Tillich 1886-1965 2) Failure to produce real Christians

  13. “They would have to sing better songs to me that I might believe in their redeemer: his disciples would have to look more redeemed” Friedrich Nietzsche 1844-1900

  14. Liberalism taught that “a God without wrath brought men without sin into a kingdom without judgment through the ministrations of a Christ without a cross.” H. Richard Niebuhr 1894-1962

  15. II. Orthodoxy What was it doing during this time? A. Two sermons of 1922 1. “ Shall the Fundamentalists Win” First Presbyterian Ch, NYC Riverside Church Harry Emerson Fosdick 1878-1969

  16. 2. Shall Unbelief Win? Clarence E. McCartney B. Christianity and Liberalism 1923) J. Gresham Machen 1891-1937

  17. Outline of Christianity and Liberalism 1. Introduction 2. Doctrine 3. God and man 4. The Bible 5. Christ 6. Salvation 7. The Church

  18. III. Neo-orthodoxy 1. Trained as a liberal 2. Crisis: what do I preach? 3. Rediscovery of the Bible 4. Rediscovery of the Reformers and the Protestant orthodox theologians Heppe’s Reformed Dogmatics Karl Barth (1886-1968) God is God !

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