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Fig 12-3, p.238

Flow of energy through a living system; energy is degraded w/ each step. Fig 12-3, p.238. Generalized trophic pyramid. Fig 12-6, p.241. Simplified food web. Fig 12-7, p.242. Factors that effect…. Light Temperature (among others…that you already know…). Fig 12-9, p.244.

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Fig 12-3, p.238

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  1. Flow of energy through a living system; energy is degraded w/ each step Fig 12-3, p.238

  2. Generalized trophic pyramid Fig 12-6, p.241

  3. Simplified food web Fig 12-7, p.242

  4. Factors that effect… • Light • Temperature • (among others…that you already know…)

  5. Fig 12-9, p.244

  6. Fig 12-11, p.247

  7. Life in the Ocean • The PELAGIC community! • A “Pelagic community” is a community of organisms that live suspended in the water column…they either float (plankton) or swim (nekton). • This is different than those that live on shore, on the bottom (etc.)

  8. Pelagic Communitiy, Plankton And nekton Fig 13-1, p.258

  9. Bony fish examples

  10. Deep sea angler fish

  11. Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Baleen) Fig 13-21, p.275

  12. Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Toothed) Fig 13-21, p.276

  13. Next… • Since we know some of the organisms that live there, we can also study their interactions (w/ each other and w/I the community structure)

  14. Marine Ecology • The study of interactions of marine organisms with each other and with their environment

  15. Population • A group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area

  16. Community • Many populations of organisms that interact with each other at a particular location

  17. Community Composition • Physical factors • temperature, salinity, dessication, pressure • can all limit where an organism can survive • Biological factors • larval supply, competition, predation, parasitism, • can also limit where an organism can be found

  18. Physical Factors • range of tolerance • Steno = narrow • Eury = wide or broad • Examples: • stenothermal or eurythermal • stenohaline or euryhaline

  19. Biological Factors • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis

  20. Competition • limited supply of resources • Intraspecific competition • between individuals of the same species • Leads to adaptation • Interspecific competition • between individuals of different species • may lead to competitive exclusion

  21. Predation • Can also affect community structure • Allows for increased diversity when superior competitor is preferred prey

  22. Symbiosis • the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely tied with the life of another

  23. Symbiosis • Three types • mutualism (++) • Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp, zooxanthellae • commensalism (+0) • Pea crabs, pilotfish & shark • parasitism (+-) • roundworms

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