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Nuclear Energy

Nuclear Energy. Fission. Fission: the splitting of large heavy nuclei through neutron bombardment. Fission is Used in Nuclear Power Plants and Nuclear Weaponry. The first nuclear fission was done with Uranium-235 Uranium-235 splits in two different ways.

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Nuclear Energy

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  1. Nuclear Energy

  2. Fission • Fission: the splitting of large heavy nuclei through neutron bombardment.

  3. Fission is Used in Nuclear Power Plants and Nuclear Weaponry • The first nuclear fission was done with Uranium-235 • Uranium-235 splits in two different ways 1 235 137 97 1 0 92 52 40 0 n + U → Te + Zr + 2 n 1 235 142 91 1 0 92 56 36 0 n + U → Ba + Kr + 2 n

  4. Fission is Used in Nuclear Power Plants and Nuclear Weaponry • You can also use Uranium-233 and Polonium-239 • What causes high energy and potential explosions is a chain reaction • In a chain reaction the neutrons produced cause other atoms to react.

  5. Chain Reaction

  6. Chain Reaction • This causes energy to be released very quickly and can escalate to an explosion is left unchecked. • In nuclear reactors they control the fission with control rods or rods made of cadmium or boron that can absorb the neutrons

  7. Reactor Core

  8. Reactor

  9. Atomic Bomb

  10. Fusion • The combining of lighter nuclei to make heavier nuclei • The sun runs on fusion • Some fusion reactions in the sun are 112 0 11 1 1 H + H → He + e 1 2 3 112 H + H → He He + He → He + 2 H 3 3 4 1 2 2 2 1 3 1 4 0 2 1 2 1 He + H → He + e

  11. Fusion • In order for fusion to happen you need high temperature because the repulsion between the two positively charged nuclei. • The coolest fusion is between deuterium and tritium which requires 40,000,000 K

  12. Fusion

  13. Hydrogen Bomb • Uses a atomic bomb to start a fusion reaction

  14. Comparison Atomic Bomb Hydrogen Bomb

  15. Half-life

  16. Half-life • No two radioactive isotopes decay at the same rate. • The time required for half the atoms of a radioactive nuclide to decay.

  17. Half-life • If an atom has a half life of 10 yrs and you start with 100 atom. • In 10 yrs you have 50 atoms left • In 20 yrs you have 25 atom left • In 30 yrs you have about 12.5 atoms left • In 40 yrs you have about 6.75 atoms left • In 59 yrs you have about 3.125 atoms left

  18. Half-life

  19. Half-life • These numbers are not exact just probable amount of atoms left. • If you have 60 g of polonium-218 and polonium-218 has a half-life of 3 min, how many grams of polonium will be left after 15 min?

  20. Half-life • How many days does it take for 16 g of palladium-103 to decay to 1.0 g? The half-life of palladium-103 is 17 days. • In 5.49 seconds, 1.20 g of argon-35 decay to leave only 0.15 g. What is the half-life of argon-35?

  21. Half-life • After 42 days a 2.0 g sample of phosphorus-32 contains only 0.25 g of the isotope. What is the half-life of phosphorus-32? • Polonium-214 has a relatively short half-life of 164 seconds. How many seconds would it take for 8.0 g of this isotope to decay to 0.25 g?

  22. Carbon Dating • All living things are made of carbon. • Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon with a half-life of 5715 yrs. • Scientist can use carbon-14 to find the age of organic material up to 50,000 yrs old. • If an original sample was 100mg of carbon-14 and it is now 0.781mg of carbon-14, how old is your sample?

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