Nursing Trends and Issues

1. Nursing Trends and Issues NPN 215

2. “WHAT LIES BEHIND US AND WHAT LIES BEFORE US ARE TINY MATTERS COMPARED TO WHAT LIES WITHIN US.” Oliver Wendell Holmes

3. Leadership Defined : process of influence Any person in an organization can be a leader. Characteristics contained in most persons who are leaders • passionate • curious • intelligent • flexible • self confident • have ability to support others

4. Leadership • True leadership is not based on the traditional views of “ having authority, command, and power” • Success of a leader depends on • Positive interactions between leaders and followers • The leaders and the followers must have a reciprocal relationship

5. Types of Leadership • Formal • A person in a position of influence or authority, or who has a sanctioned role within the organization • Informal • A person who demonstrates leadership and has influence even though he or she is not in the leadership role

6. Leadership Styles • Autocratic • Laissez-faire • Democratic • Employee centered

7. Management • Define – a process of coordinating actions, directing actions, and assigning resources • Purpose – perform these tasks in order to achieve the goals of the organization • Management focuses on issues such as costs, productivity, staffing, and effectiveness • Management doses not equal leadership, but leadership may play a role in management

8. Management • Functions • Planning • Staffing • Organizing • Directing • Controlling • Decision making

9. Leadership versus Management • Concepts are not interchangeable • Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right • Leaders get other people to do something and managers get other people to do what they do not want to do • Management works within the system, and leaders work on the system • You manage things and lead people • The 2 do not need to work against each other, as this describes, but leaders can be managers and managers can be leaders • Leadership is the preferred way, in today’s world, to get things done in health care

10. Characteristics of a Nurse Leader • Experts in a particular field of nursing • Generalists • Self-reliant • Connectivity • Flexibility • Can disseminate information rapidly • Develops and maintains strong trust and interpersonal connections with staff, peers, patients, and other professionals • Builds up and supports team members skills and strengths • Thrives on uncertainty and chaos

11. Charge nurse or clinical supervisor Expanded staff nurse role May be permanent or temporary Functions as a liaison to management Tasks : shift coordination, quality care, problems solver, help with prioritizing and making decisions More limited authority and scope of responsibility than the manager Staff nurse No formal management or leadership rank Works to manage patient care Uses skills of management and leadership when working with other staff nurses and assistive personnel Supervise to ensure quality patient care Delegates tasks to others appropriately Motivates staff Direct Patient Care Nursing

12. LPN as Managers • You must always direct, handle, and organize care to the patients you are assigned to care for • You have the skills to function as 1st line managers • Basic nursing skills and the nursing process • Time management • Use of resources and how to learn new information • Communication skills • Ethical and legal aspects of patient care • Stress management • How to participate in a clinical evaluation

13. Power vs Authority • Power means being able to make change, or to prevent change from happening. Nurses have the power to take resources and use them to benefit patient care. Power is linked with expertise in nursing • Authority is the right to act or to command the actions of others. It comes with the job of nursing because we cannot function without it, and the amount is based on the Nurse Practice Act

14. Delegation and Assignment • Delegation is the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity from one individual to another while retaining accountability for the outcome. • Assignment is the downward or lateral transfer of both the responsibility and accountability of an activity from one individual to another

15. Accountability and Responsibility • Accountability is being responsible and answerable for actions and inactions of self or others in the context of delegation • Responsibility is the obligation involved when one accepts an assignment

16. State licensing board Board of directors CEO Ethics committee Nurse manager Charge nurse Staff RN LPN Nursing assistant Organizational Chart

17. Communication • Communication is an essential skill for leaders • Giving information is not communication • Communication involves the sender, the message, the receiver and feedback from the receiver • Use simple exact language • Use direct communication • Make sure the communication channels are open

18. Communication, cont. • Types of communication • Written • Non-verbal • Negative or hostile • Therapeutic • Aggressive • Passive • Passive-aggressive • Assertive

19. Assertiveness • Are we handmaiden’s to the physicians” • Traditionally LPN’s are not assertive • Assertive communication is the ability to express yourself and protect your rights without violating the rights of another person • Nurse managers who are assertive are more effective than those who are not

20. You have the right to be treated with respect You have the right to a reasonable work load You have the right to an equitable wage You have the right to determine your own priorities You have the right to ask for what you want You have the right to refuse without making excuses or feeling guilty You have the right to make mistakes and to be responsible for them You have the right to give and receive information as a professional You have the right to act in the best interest of the patient You have the right to be human 10 Basic Rights of Women in the Health Field (Melodie Chenevert)