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Operational Factors

Operational Factors. Flight crew performance Bounced landing recovery guidance Executive Airlines’ postaccident actions Operational factors not causal to the accident. Accident Sequence. First officer flying during initial skip Captain took over flight controls Two bounces

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Operational Factors

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  1. Operational Factors • Flight crew performance • Bounced landing recovery guidance • Executive Airlines’ postaccident actions • Operational factors not causal to the accident

  2. Accident Sequence • First officer flying during initial skip • Captain took over flight controls • Two bounces • Final touchdown • Weather and runway conditions within capabilities of airplane and flight crew

  3. First Officer Hire date March 2004 Experience 20 hours Flight Crew Experience

  4. Flight Crew PerformanceFirst Officer • Initiated approach • Received verbal instructions from captain • Crossed runway threshold within airspeed limits • Executed normal flare • Touched down and skipped

  5. Flight Crew PerformanceCaptain • Designated pilot-in-command • Monitor first officer’s performance • Ensure safe conduct of flight

  6. Flight Crew PerformanceCaptain • Took over flight controls after skip • Made inappropriate pitch and power changes • Failed to execute a go-around

  7. Skip or Bounce During Landing • Not unusual • Typically caused by excessive airspeed or back pressure on the control wheel during the flare

  8. Skip or Bounce Recovery Techniques • Make minor flight control inputs and/or slight power adjustments • Add power and adjust pitch • Go around

  9. Executive Airlines’ Bounced Landing Recovery Guidance • No guidance provided on bounced landing recovery techniques during pilot training • No formal guidance on bounced landing recovery

  10. Executive Airlines’ Postaccident Actions Incorporated bounced landing recovery guidance in its airplane operating manual

  11. Summary • Captain did not apply proper pitch and power corrections • Captain did not execute a go-around • Executive Airlines did not have formal bounced landing recovery guidance

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