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LABORATORIO Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda

Explore the intricate world of Hexapoda, the diverse subphylum of Arthropoda, containing over 1.1 million described species such as grasshoppers, beetles, and termites. Learn about the unique characteristics and internal anatomy of insects like the grasshopper and cricket, and discover fascinating facts about roaches and termites. Delve into the world of Hexapoda and its various orders, from Orthoptera to Coleoptera, through this comprehensive exploration.

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LABORATORIO Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda

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  1. LABORATORIOPhylum ArthropodaSubphylum Hexapoda

  2. Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Chelicerata • Class Merostomata • Class Pycnogonida • Class Arachnida • Order Amblypygi • Order Scorpiones • Order Pseudoscorpionida • Order Acari • Order Solifugae • Order Uropygi • Order Opiliones • Order Araneae • Subphylum Myriapoda • Class Diplopoda • Class Chilopoda • Subphylum Crustacea • Class Malacostraca • Order Decapoda • Order Amphipoda • Class Branchiopoda • Order Anostraca • Order Cladocera • Class Maxillopoda • Order Ostracoda • Order Copepoda • Order Cirripedia • Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Insecta • Order Isoptera • Order Orthoptera • Order Blatoddea • Order Diptera • Order Coleoptera • Order Collembola • Order Odonata • Order Mantodea • Order Hemiptera • Order Lepidoptera • Order Himenoptera • Order Phasmatida • Order Siphonaptera • Order Phthiraptera

  3. Subphylum Hexapoda This is the most diverse taxa of Arthropoda ~1.1 million described species including bees, beetles, mayflies, stoneflies, cicadas, grasshoppers, among many other Key characteristics of the subphlym: • Three pairs of walking legs • One pair of antennae • Body typically divided into 3 tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen • Most have wings • Trachea (respiration) • Malphigian tubules (excretion) • Direct (hemimetabolous; with adult-like nymphs) or indirect (holometabolous, with distinct larval stage) development • Some are social

  4. ClaseInsecta, Order Orthoptera

  5. Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers & crickets • Hind legs elongated for jumping • Forewings leathery • Chewing mouthparts (herbivores) • Males frequently stridulate (produce sound) • Tympanic membranes (hearing) present • Hemimetabolous- incomplete or partial metamorphosis

  6. O. Orthoptera -Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers External Anatomy Describe the differences between the two pairs of wings (appearance & function). How does the tympanic membrane help a grasshopper?

  7. O. Orthoptera • Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda • ClaseInsecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers Internal Anatomy

  8. Difference between a grasshopper and a cricket

  9. O. Blatoddea • Roaches • Dorso-ventrally flattened • Forewings leathery (or wings absent) • Chewing mouthparts • Pair of cerci at end of abdomen • Hemimetabolous- incomplete or partial metamorphosis Whistling roaches! Did you know that males of hissing roaches whistle at females to get them interested in mating?

  10. O. Isoptera • Termites • Specialized for eating cellulose • All are eusocial; live in colonies • Multiple castes, typically with reproductives, soldiers, workers • Alates (new reproductives) have 2 pairs of long membranous wings • All other castes are wingless, soft-bodied and usually pale colored • Eyes poorly developed • Hemimetabolous http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xGaT0B__2DM http://www.termatrac.com/home-owners/learn-about-termites/termite-castes/#Reprod

  11. O. Isoptera

  12. O. Diptera • Hind wings absent (reduced to club-like halteres) • Sucking or sponging mouthparts • Mobile head with large eyes • Holometabolous: larval types include maggots The other pair of wings is reduced to club-like structures known as 'halteres- See more at: http://australianmuseum.net.au/flies-and-mosquitoes-order-diptera#sthash.Dbm8UF72.dpuf halteres

  13. O. Diptera 1. Observe lamina en sucajita con ciclo de vida de Drosophila

  14. O. Coleoptera • Beetles • Forewings hardened into elytra that cover abdomen & form seam along body midline • General chewing mouthparts • Largest order; >350,000 species • Holometabolous: larvae are often grubs Did you know that this is the most diverse group of hexapods? Coleoptera species richness is the result of having coevolved with flowering plants. Coleopteracontains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known life-forms

  15. O. Coleoptera

  16. O. Collembola • Springtails • Furcula: abdominal jumping appendage • Small size, <6 mm • Mouthparts are internal • Taxonomic Note: Commonly placed in a separate class of Hexapods, the Entognatha Watch this cool video! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwOL-MHcQ1w&feature=related

  17. O. Collembola 1. Observe lamina de collembola

  18. O. Odonata • Dragonflies & damselflies • Do not fold wings flat over body • Large mandibles and eyes • Hemimetabolous: nymphs are aquatic (called naiads) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-7k2HNJpXA

  19. O. Odonata 1. Observe la anatomia en material preservado

  20. O. Mantodea • Mantids • Large raptorial forelegs • Triangular heads with large eyes • Leathery forewings cover hindwings at rest • Ambush predators • Hemimetabolous Nature’s perfect predator! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6hGuallLPcM&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL17BCDD1B17189964

  21. O. Mantodea 1. Mantis ver material preservado

  22. O. Hemiptera 1. True bugs look for the cycle of the • True Bugs, hoppers, aphids, etc. • Sucking beak tucked underneath body • Base of forewings often leathery • Hemimetabolous

  23. O. Lepidoptera • Butterflies & moths • Wings broad, covered in scales • Coiled, sucking mouthparts • Holometabolous: larvae are caterpillars

  24. O. Lepidoptera

  25. O. Himenoptera • Bees, wasps, ants • Hindwings reduced, hook to forewing • Ovipositer modified for piercing, stinging • Typically have narrow "waist" • Holometabolous

  26. O. Himenoptera

  27. O. Phasmatida • Body shape variable but most are elongate and cylindrical or flattened and resemble sticks, leaves or grass • 2 pairs of wings although some species are wingless • Wings when present consist of short, hardened forewings which form a protective cover over part of the larger membranous hind wings • Antennae are filiform and may be either short or long • Phasmid nymphs usually resemble adults but lack wings. Like many of their relatives, Phasmatidae are capable of regenerating limbs and commonly reproduce by parthenogenesis. Despite their bizarre, even threatening appearance, they are harmless to humans.

  28. O. Siphonaptera Common name: fleas Meaning of name: tube wings Habitat: literally live everywhere, even Antarctica; due to being carried there by hosts Characteristics: have 3 pairs of legs (their hind legs are modified to where they can jump); a hard exoskeleton; sharp mouthparts to bite; and a row of spines known as a genalcomb Development: go through complete metamorphosis.

  29. O. Siphonaptera

  30. O. Phthiraptera Common Characteristics: parasitic; wingless; flat-bodied; eyeless or small eyed; small insects with tarsi having one or two claws. Development: incomplete metamorphosis Collecting methods: using a fine-toothed comb on animals with lice

  31. O. Phthiraptera

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