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Unification of Italy

Unification of Italy. Unification of Italy. 1848 uprising - not successful for Italy. Still not a “nation” Austria controlled large part of the northern territory Filled with Papal states - territories under direct rule of the pope

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Unification of Italy

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  1. Unification of Italy

  2. Unification of Italy

  3. 1848 uprising - not successful for Italy. Still not a “nation” • Austria controlled large part of the northern territory • Filled with Papal states • - territories under direct rule of • the pope • Rest of the peninsula was small kingdoms - it was here conservatives met their match

  4. Key Figures • Count Emilio Cavour: “the brain of unification” • Mazzini: the “soul” • Garibaldi the "sword"

  5. Giuseppe Mazzini: • Writer and politician. • Believed revolution would lead to unification. • 1830: member of Carbonari • 1831: organized a new political society called Giovane Italia(Young Italy) • No King. Italy must be a democratic republic.

  6. One of the kingdoms, Piedmont, ruled by King Victor Emmanuel II. • In 1852 he chose Emilio di Cavour as his prime minister • Cavour set our to free Italian territory from Austrian control and unite the peninsula

  7. Cavour joined European Emperor of France - Napoleon III - in a military alliance

  8. 1859 Armies of France and Piedmont went to war against Austria • They won! • See the blue territories? • In exchange for France’s help Italy let France take the regions of Nice and Savoy

  9. Meanwhile Austria supported the gov’ts of several northern states • 1859: In Venetia people were inspired by Piedmont’s success so they deposed- overthrew- their Austrian backed rulers and joined their states with Piedmont

  10. Cavour’s careful planning had worked - Italy was now a nation under King Victor Emmanuel II

  11. Giuseppe Garibaldi 1833: Joined Mazzini's “Young Italy” Fought for Sardinian independence in 1854. Wanted independence for the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Accepted help from Cavour.

  12. Unification of Italy • Victor Emmanuel and Cavour had united most of northern Italy. In the south, Giuseppe Garibaldi was building support for a single Italy

  13. Unification of Italy He is a strong nationalist. But unlike Cavour, he didn’t want a monarchy. He wanted a republic.

  14. Unification of Italy 1860, Garibaldi pulled together a volunteer army of 1,000 patriots They wore red shirts as a uniform Know as the red shirts

  15. Unification of Italy They helped a revolt on Sicily Quickly controlled the two kingdoms Giribaldi turned it over to Victor Emmanuel. In exchange Emmanuel agreed to a constitutional monarchy

  16. Unification of Italy Regions of Venetia and Papal States still not part of Italy Austria gave up Venetia in 1866 after they lost the Austro-Prussia war (Italy was an ally of Prussia during that war)

  17. Unification of Italy Italian forces invaded Papal States in 1870 French Emperor Napoleon III defended the states! But he had to remove his troops to fight Prussia in the Franco-Prussian war citizens of Papal States voted to join Italy

  18. 1870 • Rome remained independent. • When France loses the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, France must withdraw troops (protecting the Pope in Rome) • Rome is ceded to Italy. • This officially unifies Italy The Right Leg in the Boot at Last!! Garibaldi: “If it won't go on Sire, try a little powder . . as in GUNpowder”

  19. Unification of Italy Create a concept map of how Italy became a nation Label the large center circle “Unifying Italy” Then, with a partner, draw smaller circles for different steps in the process Be sure to include details!

  20. Unification of Italy Create a concept map of how Italy became a nation Label the large center circle “Unifying Italy” • Cavour joined Nap III against Austria • Northern Italian nationalist joined with Piedmont • Garibaldi and Red Shirts liberated Sicily • Italy formed a constitutional monarchy • Venice and Papal States joined the rest of Italy

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