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Unification of Germany and Italy

Unification of Germany and Italy. Il Risorgimento. What are the major events and who are the key leaders associated with Italian unification?. Camillo di Cavour “The Brain”. Giuseppe Garibaldi “The Sword”. Giuseppe Mazzini “The Heart”. Il Risorgimento. +. +. =. Italia!.

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Unification of Germany and Italy

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  1. Unification of Germany and Italy

  2. Il Risorgimento What are the major events and who are the key leaders associated with Italian unification? Camillo di Cavour “The Brain” Giuseppe Garibaldi “The Sword” Giuseppe Mazzini “The Heart”

  3. Il Risorgimento + + = Italia! But was it really that simple??

  4. Stirrings of Nationalism Italian Peninsula had not been unified since fall of Roman Empire • Most spoke same language, but peninsula divided into competing states, each with own government • Napoleon invaded Italy • United many states under one government • Unification did not last • After Napoleon’s defeat, Congress of Vienna split Italian states • Spirit of nationalism began to rise through Europe

  5. Italian Unification was a combination of diplomatic moves and wars orchestrated by Camillo Cavour the Prime Minister of Sardinia.

  6. Italian Unification Timeline 1860 – Garibaldi and the “Red Shirt” Land in Sicily 1859 – War With Austria, Italy gets Lombardy with help of Napoleon III 1866: 7 Weeks’ War, Italy sides with Prussia & receives Venice • 1861- Victor Emmanuel II • Proclaimed “King of Italy” • Cavour dies 1870 - Franco-Prussian War, Italy takes Rome ITALY UNIFIED 1871: Rome proclaimed capital of unified Italy Revolution of 1848 1852 – Cavour becomes Prime Minister of Sardinia

  7. Social, Economic Problems Poverty, Emigration Reforms • Strong regional differences led to lack of unity • Southern Italians resented being governed by Rome • Catholic Church did not recognize Italy as legitimate nation • Poverty serious problem, caused many to emigrate • 1880s, large numbers left Italy, many for Americas • Unemployment, rising taxes led to rioting, violence • Voting reform a major priority • 1870, only wealthiest Italian men could vote • By late 1800s most adult male taxpayers could vote Challenges After Unification In the years after unification, Italy faced many new challenges. Although politically unified, Italy had to deal with a number of social and economic problems.

  8. German Unification What are the major events and who are the key leaders associated with German unification? Franco-Prussian War Chancellor Otto von Bismarck King Wilhelm I

  9. German Unification The less people know about how sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night. What is militarism? How did Bismarck embody militarism? What does Bismarck’s militarism suggest about his political beliefs? Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided, but by blood and iron.

  10. THE UNIFICATION OF GERMANY

  11. Real Politik • How: unify all German states under Prussia • Machiavellian leader: Real Politik: realistic assessment of a nation’s needs and then fulfilling them. • Ends justify the means. Do what is necessary, not what is right or moral

  12. Path to Unification • ZOLLVEREIN • a customs union of German states that did not include Austria. • Removed tarrifs between German states • “Blood and Iron”

  13. Blood and Iron • Fights three wars to unify Germany Wins all three • Danish War • Austro Prussian War • Franco Prussian War the most important

  14. Causes Rivalry between France and Prussia. Struggle over Spanish Throne The Ems Dispatch: Bismarck angers France by releasing false reports of insults towards the French leader. Bismarck’s desire the unite southern Catholics with northern Lutherans Results Quick victory for Prussia German states unite under William I of Prussia. French desire for revenge against Prussia will be one of the causes of WWI. Prussia takes the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine from France Franco Prussian War

  15. After Unification • Centralized Power • Militarism/military alliances • Encouragement of Industry • Persecution of Subject Nationalities • Germanization • Fought Catholics • Fought Socialists

  16. Catholic Church • The Kulturkampf against the Catholic Church • Believed that the Catholics were loyal to the pope and not him • Persecuted the Catholics: made them stronger

  17. Bismarck’s Domestic Policies • Labor Unions • 1st violence/did not work • Weakened the unions through social security legislation • Insurance for retirement, sickness and disability • Social Security system Becomes model for rest of Europe

  18. A Growing Economy • After the unification of Germany, it rose to be the Industrial giant of the Europe. • Germany’s chemical and electrical industries were beyond any other industries in the world. • Germany’s coal and iron resources resulted in massive growth of the economy. • A work force and rapidly growing population also aided in the development of the economy.

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