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A Summary of BRAHMS Results Presented at QM2006

A Summary of BRAHMS Results Presented at QM2006. R. Debbe BNL. Outline of the summary. Rapidity dependence of Nuclear Modification Factors. An investigation on the contribution of energy conservation to particle production at high rapidity. Elliptic flow at high rapidity. Baryon transport.

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A Summary of BRAHMS Results Presented at QM2006

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  1. A Summary of BRAHMS Results Presented at QM2006 R. Debbe BNL QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  2. Outline of the summary • Rapidity dependence of Nuclear Modification Factors. • An investigation on the contribution of energy conservation to particle production at high rapidity. • Elliptic flow at high rapidity. • Baryon transport. • Strangeness production at 62 GeV. • High pT and high rapidity particle production in p+p collisions. • Proton and neutron coalescence at different rapidities. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  3. We have studied the identified changed particle production in different systems in wide rapidity range and intermediate pT: • p+p at 62 and 200 GeV • d+Au at 200 GeV • Au+Au Cu+Cu at 62 and 200 GeV • We have found a puzzling absence or weak rapidity dependence of intermediate pT suppression, elliptic flow as well as “source size”. • We need an overarching phenomenological description of these results, we have to include the longitudinal evolution of the formed system and translate the description of the initial state as a Color Glass Condensate and its appearance at high rapidity to A+A systems. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  4. BRAHMS NA49 AGS Rapidity Dependent High-pT Measurement y~0 • Partonsare expected to looseenergyin the dense matter • Rapidity dependent high-pTsuppression factors: provide information on dynamical medium effect • RAA may be a complicated quantity as it “carries” too many parameters that remain unknown or poorly controlled. at fixed time high-y QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  5. y=3.1 y=1 y=0 pions kaons protons Rapidity Dependence of Intermediate pT Suppression in Au+Au at 200 GeV QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  6. RAA 62 GeV mid-rapidity. Top, Cu+Cu; bottom Au+Au Preliminary Competing effects: suppression by energy loss and Cronin enhancement. Systematic difference in one unit of rapidity for the smaller Cu+Cu system QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  7. Things that do change with rapidity Rapidity dependence of the pbar/ - ratio Contrary to the absence of rapidity dependence of the RAuAu factor, the pbar/ - ratio does show a marked reduction as the rapidity increases. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  8. The proton/+ ratio at forward rapidities Dramatic difference between y=0 and 3. There are ~2.5 more protons than pions at ~ 2.5 GeV/c Preliminary “Forward production of protons is favored in recombination because of scarcity of anti-quarks” R. Hwa et al. nucl_th/0605037 QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  9. BRAHMS Data/Acceptance: pT vs xF at √sNN = 200 and 62 GeV MRS FS √sNN = 200 GeV √sNN = 62 GeV • Strong pT-xF correlation due to limited spectrometer solid angle acceptance • Measurements from BRAHMS Mid-Rapidity Spectrometer (MRS) and Forward Spectrometer (FS) • “Dynamic” xF binning in pT 0.2 GeV/c • RCP for centrality dependence in pT-xF: RCP(0-20/40-70%) QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  10. More suppression as xF increases at fixed pT (0.3 ~ 2.2 GeV/c) • For the soft Rcp increase and maximize at pT ~ 1 GeV/c • Statistical errors only shown • Systematic Uncertainties: 10% (p-to-p) + 10% (normalization) MRS,FS QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  11. Differential Elliptical Flow measured with BRAHMS spectrometers QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  12. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  13. Elliptic flow of identified particles at different rapidities compared to 3D Hydro. and a “cascade” model. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  14. Baryon Transport in Different Systems. BRAHMS results at RHIC have shown that mid-rapidity is not completely baryon free. The transport of baryon number thru ~5 units of rapidity could be related to baryon junctions that have a sizable small-x components in their wave function, but the subject is still open and BRAHMS can bring new insight with further analysis. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  15. Stopping 62 GeV Au+Au The curve is a fit to data with two gaussians in pz constrained by the number of participant protons. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  16. AGS An extrapolation to A+A collisions at LHC dN/dy SPS RHIC 62 (BRAHMS preliminary) “net”proton RHIC 200 LHC 5500 QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  17. p+p 200GeV We have a good data sample of p+p collisions at 200 GeV and are in the process of studying baryon transport. Red squares are the integrals of extrapolated distributions down to pT=0 QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  18. d+Au 200GeV Net-proton distribution in rapidity for three centrality samples in d+Au collisions at 200 GeV. The d+Au system is asymmetric and the most central collisions show a hint of a strong “source” of protons on the Au side. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  19. Strangeness production in Au+Au collisions at 62 GeV The plot below suggests that high rapidity in low energy collisions can be equivalent to SPS systems that show a “horn” in the k/ ratio. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  20. The system formed at high rapidity in Au+Au at 62 GeV “falls” on the high side of the “horn” and corroborates the trend measured at SPS. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  21. Particle production at high rapidity in p+p collisions at 200 GeV The success of NLO pQCD calculations at describing pion production at different rapidities make us confident that parton degrees of freedom are the correct description for the physics at RHIC. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  22. Calculations by W. Vogelsang The KKP set of fragmentation functions have been modified to get fragmentation into charged pions and kaon. As it was the case for mid-rapidity, the favored FF are the KKP set implying a strong contribution from gluon driven partonic processes. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  23. BRAHMS Preliminary Red: p/+Blue: p-bar/ - e+e-: p+p-bar/++ - (ALEPH) Expected higher abundance of + at high pT and rapidity (isospin effect). Small values measured at high rapidity rule out the use of AKK FF at these rap. High p/+ values at high pT and rapidity may shed new light on baryon transport. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  24. Coalescence: p+n d • Characterize source via B2 • Assume B2≈V-1 • Details: • C. Nygaard QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  25. B2 as Function of Rapidity Within errors the system size at freeze-out doesn’t change with rapidity. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  26. Outlook Now that all the data has been collected and is practically all analyzed, we will proceed to work on several publications that will report systematic studies of identified particle production. We are reaching out to our colleagues with to develop a phenomenological description of the complete A+A system dynamics including its strong longitudinal evolution as well as its initial state probed from high rapidity. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  27. Backup slides QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  28. RAA Cu+Cu,Au+Au 62 GeV, =3.1 QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

  29. QM2006 Summary 28-NOV-2006

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