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Chapter 4

Chapter 4. Electricity and Power Supplies. You Will Learn…. How electricity is measured How to protect your computer system against damaging changes in electrical power About different form factors and computer cases How to detect and correct power supply problems

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Electricity and Power Supplies

  2. You Will Learn… • How electricity is measured • How to protect your computer system against damaging changes in electrical power • About different form factors and computer cases • How to detect and correct power supply problems • About Energy Star specifications A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  3. Measures of Electricity A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  4. AC and DC • Alternating current (AC) • Cycles back and forth • Economical • Direct current (DC) • Travels in only one direction, from hot to ground • Required by most electronic devices • Computer power supply functions as both a transformer and rectifier A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  5. Computer Power Supply A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  6. Hot, Neutral, and Ground A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  7. Hot, Neutral, and Ground (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  8. Hot, Neutral, and Ground (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  9. Common Electrical Components A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  10. Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions • Make notes so you can backtrack • Remove packing materials from work area • Keep components away from hair and clothing • Keep screws and spacers in an orderly place • Don’t stack boards on top of each other A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  11. Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions (continued) • Don’t touch chips on motherboard or expansion cards • Don’t touch chip with magnetized screwdriver • Don’t change DIP switch settings with a graphite pencil A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  12. Protecting Your Computer System: General Precautions (continued) • Have classroom instructor check your work before putting cover on and powering up • Turn off a computer before moving it • Keep disks away from magnetic fields, heat, and extreme cold A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  13. Protecting Yourself Against Electricity • Turn off power and unplug computer • Always use a ground bracelet • Never touch inside of a computer while it is turned on • Never remove cover or put your hands inside monitor or power supply A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  14. Static Electricity (or ESD) • Can cause catastrophic failure or upset failure • Protection against ESD • Ground bracelet or static strap • Ground mats • Static shielding bags A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  15. Ground Bracelet A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  16. Ground Bracelet with a Ground Mat A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  17. Static Shielding Bags A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  18. EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) • Caused by magnetic field produced as side effect when electricity flows • Protection against EMI • Cover expansion slots • Do not place system close to or on same circuit as high-powered electrical equipment • Use line conditioners A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  19. Surge Protection and Battery Backup • Surge suppressors • Power conditioners • Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  20. Uninterruptible Power Supplies • Benefits • Condition line for brownouts and spikes • Provide backup power during a blackout • Protect against very high potentially damaging spikes • Considerations • Cost • UPS rating • Degree of line conditioning • Warranty and service policies A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  21. UPS A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  22. The Computer Case and Form Factors • Form factor describes size, shape, and general makeup of a hardware component • Use same form factor for motherboard, case, and power supply • Decision driven by motherboard A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  23. Case, Power Supply, and Motherboard Form Factors • AT • ATX (most popular) • LPX • NLX • Backplane systems A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  24. AT and Baby AT Form Factors A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  25. AT Motherboard A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  26. Power Connectors on AT and ATX Boards A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  27. ATX Form Factor • Open, nonproprietary spec (Intel 1995) • Easier to add and remove components • Greater support for I/O devices and processor technology • Lower costs • Improved positioning of components A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  28. ATX Form Factor (continued) • Smaller • Uses one power connector: P1 • Soft switch feature • Better air circulation • Other types: Mini-ATX, MicroATX, FlexATX A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  29. ATX Motherboard A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  30. NLX Form Factor A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  31. Other Form Factors A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  32. Types of Cases • Desktop cases • Tower cases • Minitower • Midsize tower • Full-size tower • Notebook cases A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  33. Desktop Case A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  34. Tower Case A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  35. Tower and Desktop Cases A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  36. Upgrading Your Power Supply • Sometimes necessary when you add new devices • Easiest way to fix a power supply you suspect is faulty is to replace it A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  37. Introduction to Troubleshooting • Isolate the problem • Problems that prevent PC from booting • Problems that occur after a successful boot • Learn as much as you can by asking questions of user(s) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  38. PC Problem Solving A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  39. Troubleshooting the Power System: General Guidelines • Any burnt parts or odors? • Everything connected and turned on? Loose cable connections? Computer plugged in? • All switches turned on? Wall outlet good? • If fan is not running, turn off computer: Connections to power supply secure? Cards securely seated? A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  40. Troubleshooting the Power System: General Guidelines (continued) • Check for correct wire connections to motherboard • Remove nonessential expansion cards one at a time • Vacuum entire unit A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  41. Troubleshooting an ATX Power Supply A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  42. Troubleshooting the Power System • Power supply itself • Power supply fan • Power problems with the motherboard • Overheating A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  43. Preventing Overheating A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  44. Preventing Overheating (continued) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  45. Energy Star Systems(The Green Star) • Satisfy energy-conserving standards of the US EPA • Generally have a standby program that switches device to sleep mode when not in use • Apply to computers, monitors, printers, copiers, and fax machines A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  46. Power Management Methods • Advanced Power Management (APM) • AT Attachment (ATA) for IDE drives • Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) standards for monitors and video cards • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  47. Power Management Features • Green timer on the motherboard • Doze time • Standby time • Suspend time • Hard drive standby time A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  48. Power Management Setup Screen A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  49. Energy Star Monitors • Most adhere to DPMS specifications • Allow video card and monitor to go into sleep mode simultaneously A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

  50. Changing Power Options A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

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