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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. What’s the point of all this? “Gene Expression” The genetic code in DNA is converted to proteins, and these give us our traits (hair color, eye color, skin color, height, and so on). RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID) The nucleic acid involved in making proteins. RNA STRUCTURE

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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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  1. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS What’s the point of all this? “Gene Expression” The genetic code in DNA is converted to proteins, and these give us our traits (hair color, eye color, skin color, height, and so on) .

  2. RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID) The nucleic acid involved in making proteins.

  3. RNA STRUCTURE Composed of nucleotides, but differs from DNA in three ways. • Single strand of nucleotides instead of double stranded • Has uracil instead of thymine • Contains ribose instead of deoxyribose

  4. RNA FUNCTION 3 forms of RNA involved in protein synthesis 1. mRNA (messenger): copies instructions in DNA and carries these to the ribosome. 2. tRNA (transfer): carries amino acids to the ribosome. 3. rRNA (ribosomal): helps make the ribosome.

  5. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Cells build proteins following instructions coded in genes (DNA). • Consists of two steps, • transcription -write DNA code in the form of mRNA. • translation -convert language of mRNA (N-base codons) to language of protein (amino acids chain).

  6. Translation - animation

  7. Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein Translation - making proteins Eukaryotic Cell

  8. Let’s make a PROTEIN!.

  9. mRNA A U G C U A C U U C G Protein Synthesis: Translation Large subunit P Site A Site Small subunit

  10. aa2 aa1 2-tRNA 1-tRNA G A U U A C anticodon A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  11. aa3 3-tRNA G A A peptide bond aa1 aa2 1-tRNA 2-tRNA anticodon U A C G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A hydrogen bonds codon mRNA

  12. aa3 3-tRNA G A A aa1 peptide bond aa2 1-tRNA U A C (leaves) 2-tRNA G A U A U G C U A C U U C G A mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  13. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA 3-tRNA G A U G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  14. aa4 4-tRNA G C U peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 2-tRNA G A U (leaves) 3-tRNA G A A A U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  15. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa4 aa3 3-tRNA 4-tRNA G A A G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA

  16. aa5 5-tRNA U G A peptide bonds aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 3-tRNA G A A 4-tRNA G C U G C U A C U U C G A A C U mRNA Ribosomes move over one codon

  17. aa5 aa4 aa199 aa200 aa3 primary structure of a protein aa2 aa1 terminator or stop codon 200-tRNA A C U C A U G U U U A G mRNA

  18. aa5 aa4 aa3 aa2 aa199 aa1 aa200 Protein Synthesis: Translation • The end products of protein synthesis is a primary structure of a protein. • A sequence of amino acid bonded together by peptide bonds.

  19. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS What’s the point of all this? “Gene Expression” The genetic code in DNA is converted to proteins, and these give us our traits (hair color, eye color, skin color, height, and so on) .

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