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The US t wo-party system

Republican GOP (Grand Old Party). The US t wo-party system. Democrat. The Two Party system. By 1890 there were two clearly defined political parties in the USA. Both were strongly influenced by the Civil War.

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The US t wo-party system

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  1. Republican GOP (Grand Old Party) The US two-party system Democrat

  2. The Two Party system • By 1890 there were two clearly defined political parties in the USA. • Both were strongly influenced by the Civil War. • Neither party was united in its beliefs. Both were loose coalitions linking together varied groups and local issues. • Both parties contained traditional and reforming elements.

  3. The Two Party system • The 1896 election goes down in history as the election that changed presidential campaigns forever. It also led to a 16 year domination of the Republican Party. (90% turnout; campaign costs; ended 3rd party system, realigned parties) • In 1912 this dominance was broken when Wilson the Democratic candidate was elected but he won because of fractions within the Republican rather than the strength of the Democrats. • Since Truman, the parties have tended to switch every two terms

  4. Evolution of the South • The Democrats were traditionally in the South from the Age of Jackson through the 1970s and 1980s. This is known as the Solid South. • Once Eisenhower becomes president in the election of 1952, the Republicans start to break into the Solid South. • Since Reagan, the South votes traditionally Republican.

  5. US Presidents 1896-1980 • 1984Ronald Reagan Republican Moral Majority/Cold War • 1980Ronald Reagan Republican Moral Majority/Cold War • 1976Jimmy Carter Democrat  297   Nixon scandals • 1972Richard M. Nixon Republican  520    Vietnam War • 1968  Richard M. Nixon Republican  301   Vietnam War • 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson Democrat  486   Civil rights • 1960  John F. Kennedy Democrat  303   Recession, missile gap  • 1956Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican 457   Prosperity • 1952Dwight D. Eisenhower Republican  442  KoreanWar • 1948Harry S. Truman Democrat  303   Do NothingCongress • 1944  Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat  432  World War II  • 1940  Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat  449   World War II, FDR 3rd term • 1936  Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat  523  New Deal, Social Security • 1932  Franklin D. Roosevelt Democrat  472 Great Depression • 1928 Herbert C. Hoover Republican  444  Boom, anti-Catholicism • 1924  Calvin Coolidge Republican  382  Prosperity • 1920  Warren G. Harding Republican  404  Normalcy • 1916Woodrow Wilson Democrat  277 World War I • 1912Woodrow Wilson Democrat  435   Republican split  • 1908 William H. Taft Republican  321   Class warfare • 1904  Theodore Roosevelt Republican  336  Square Deal  • 1900  William McKinley Republican  292 Spanish-American War • 1896  William McKinley Republican  271  Silver/Gold Tariffs

  6. Democrat vs. Republican Democrat History Republican History Traditionally seen as the southern party Since split in Republican Party in 1912 election, Democrats to the left of Republicans on social and fiscal issues Over time many supporters from workers in Northern cities Shift in regional alliances in 1964: Civil Rights Movement Stronghold today in Northeast, Great Lakes region and West coast urban population Party founded just before Civil War in 1854 1st Republican President: Abraham Lincoln Seen as a “northerner” party in beginning After 1964 (Civil Rights movement): stronghold in the south, the Great Plains and Southwest rural areas

  7. Democrat vs. Republican Republican Beliefs & Support Democrat Beliefs & Support • Conservative (fiscally and socially) • States rights over Federal rights • Tax cuts, reducing social programs • Laisser-faire for government • Reliance on private sector as stimulus for economic growth • Dominant foreign policy • Favor increasing military spending • Oppose gun control laws • Far right: pro-religion, anti-bureaucracy, pro-military, pro-business and pro-personal responsibility (Tea party) • Self-reliance and freedom • Liberal • Strong Federal Government= taxes • Social programs • Community and social justice • Environmental laws • Anti-discrimination laws • Education • Favor less increase in military spending • Favor gun control laws • Supported by minority groups: Catholics, Hispanics, blacks • Opportunity and equality

  8. Who won? How popular are the parties? US Presidential Elections: Starter Activity Are there any Major changes? Is there a Geographical pattern? Look at each electoral map. What do these maps tell you about the two party system in the USA?

  9. 1948 1944 1956 1964

  10. 1984

  11. United States Presidential results between 1896 and 1932 Key:Extremely dark blue: Voted Democratic 8 out of 8 timesDark blue: Voted Democratic 7 out of 8 times (no U.S. states fit into this category)Blue: Voted Democratic 6 out of 8 timesLight blue: Voted Democratic 5 out of 8 timesGreen: Voted for each party 4 out of 8 timesPink: Voted Republican 5 out of 8 timesRed: Voted Republican 6 out of 8 timesDark red: Voted Republican 7 out of 8 timesVery dark red: Voted Republican 8 out 8 times

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