Towards a Net Zero Carbon Community

1. Towards a Net Zero Carbon Community Group members: William Irwin Jeremy Laycock Andy Cheng Ewan Spence Roger Carter MSc Group Project

2. Agenda • Project Introduction • Aim • Deliverables • Geographic area and statistics • Areas of Investigation • CO2 Reduction • Economics • Conclusions • Transferability

3. Aims • Investigate the potential for a net zero carbon urban community • Defined geographical inner city district - Building interactions - Community energy use • To look at the community as a whole • Identify target sectors • Look at different schemes that can reduce carbon emissions in these areas • Innovative use of resources and waste

4. Aims • Cost-benefit sensitivity exercise over the whole community • An assessment of the potential CO2 savings of each scheme • A comparison of each scheme based on cost per tonne of CO2 saved • A methodology that is transferable to other urban communities

5. Methodology

6. Geographic Area Dennistoun Population: 7000 Households: 3300 Electricity consumption: 44GWh per year Natural Gas consumption: 110GWh per year CO2 emissions: 64000 tonnes

7. Agenda • Project Introduction • Aim • Deliverables • Geographic area and statistics • Areas of Investigation • CO2 Reduction • Economics • Conclusions • Transferability

8. Areas of investigation

9. Insulation, double glazing and airtightness Boiler changes on private housing Method Carry out a housing survey Create base case matching data acquired Analysis using EDEM Medium insulation (2002 reg.) Gas condensing boiler Sensitivity assessment of best scheme Required to be cost effective as well as reduce emissions Domestic Demand Reduction

10. Large Wind Turbine 800kW/2MW Rated Turbines Placed on raised green space in area Generates electricity for brewery Analysis from Windpower and Merit Photovoltaics Placed on rooftops of tenement blocks Used to meet electrical demand in blocks 3960W system Identified 440 sites Analysis carried out on Merit Renewable Energy Systems

11. Biomass CHP plant Use fuel derived from waste in industry Spent grain from brewery Microalgae used as biomass fuel Meets base load of heat and electricity of brewery Meets nearby heat for social housing Energy from Waste • Anaerobic Digester • Utilises human waste to make biogas • Locate in existing sewage plant • Part of a city scale development • Biogas used as fuel

12. Microalgae Captures emissions from biomass plant Grown in flat panel photobioreactors Harvested to use as biomass Urban woodland Plant trees in unused spaces in area Simplest form of Carbon Capture Carbon Capture and Sequestration

13. Agenda • Project Introduction • Aim • Deliverables • Geographic area and statistics • Areas of Investigation • CO2 Reduction • Economics • Conclusions • Transferability

14. CO2 Reduction

15. CO2 Reduction

16. CO2 Reduction

17. Economics

18. Summary of Results • Emissions reduced by: • 26000 tonnes • 41% of the community • 71% within industrial and domestic • Capital cost of £46million

19. Agenda • Project Introduction • Aim • Deliverables • Geographic area and statistics • Areas of Investigation • CO2 Reduction • Economics • Conclusions • Transferability

20. Method transferable to other urban communities Evaluate requirements and resources of the community Best Schemes Demand reduction and Biomass CHP best in terms of Carbon Reduction Biomass CHP is best value economically Other schemes have potential in the future Innovate use of resources Investigate waste and fuel sources within the community Transferability

21. GRID CO2 Photobioreactor Anaerobic Digester CAFE Community Energy Flow Brewery Biomass

22. Conclusions • Approach specific to urban communities • Carbon reduction most effective with schemes related to heat demand • Difficult to achieve net zero carbon

23. An urban community cannot be thought of in isolation from the rest of the city or country Transferable methodology Significant reduction with potential future savings Conclusions

24. MSc Group Project