AP WORLD UNIT III PROJECT

1. AP WORLD UNIT III PROJECT Chengzi Pang Zech Fleis Nealy

2. CHAPTER 17 eUROPE

3. Social Structure: • - King • - Elites • - Peasants, Artisans • - Poverty and Poor • Unitary Nation States. • The Renaissance and the New Monarchs marked the start of an Age of Discovery, a period of exploration, invention, and scientific development./ • Commercialization created a new proletariat in the West – people without access to wealth- producing property.

4. “Renaissance Plastic Surgery”

5. Huge population of peasants and townspeople protest for greater protection from poverty and loss of property. It took from end of 16th century until about 1650 • An unprecedented outburst against suspected witches • - The witchcraft persecution in Europe and also in New England reflected new resentments against the poor. 60,000 to 100,000 suspected witches were killed. • - Revealed the persecution towards women • - Revealed a society faced with forces of unusual complexity.

7. Chapter 18 Russia

8. Tsar • Boyars • Serfs • Peasants • Serfdom, Russian peasants had been largely free farmers with a legal position superior to medieval western Europe • Serfdom gave government a way to satisfy nobles and regulate peasants • By 1800, half of Russia's peasantry was enserfed to landlords, the other half to the state

9. An act in 1649 made it so that serfs were born into serfdom, and couldn’t legally change their status • Russia’s serfdom closely resembled slavery in the America’s • Peter the Great tried to altar Russia’s small bureaucracy and military by using Western principles • Created a more well-defined social class and military hierarchy • With aid from Western advisors created first Russian navy • Peter the Great completely rearranged Russia’s social and political structure to mirror the Western world.

10. Peter’s economic effects focused on building multiple industries using Russia’s extensive natural resources. • Peter the Great abolished the tradition of the passing of the whip from the bride’s father to the groom as a display of the transfer of power over women in upper class marriages • He encouraged the people to wear Western clothing and attend public cultural events. • French became the language of the court, and ballet was introduced as well. • Also, Peter had the nobles shave off their beards and wear western clothing, he altered the ceremonial clothes as well.

11. Chapter 19 Latin America

12. - Settlement in Latin America created conditions for the formation of multiethnic societies on a large scale.  -The three main groups- Indians, Europeans, and Africans, were brought together under very different conditions which created hierarchies of masters and servants, Christians and Pagans, that reflected the relationships of power in colonial condition. 

13. -The key to societal development was miscegenation. Indian women suffered sexual exploitation from Europeans, and the crown sponsored marriages in a society where there were few European women. The result was mestizo population possessing higher status than Indians. - American realities had created new social distinctions based on race and place of birth. Europeans were always at the top; African slaves and Indians occupied the bottom. Mestizos filled the intermediate categories. Restrictions were placed on mixed-origin people, but social mobility was not halted

14. Chapter 20 Africa

15. Africa was a diverse continent with a blend of large civilizations, city-states, rural villages, and hunter and gatherer societies. • Men played the major role and women lost power over men; men were dominant. • Men were the hunters and women were the keepers who stayed at home. • Due to European power over Africa, both women and men lost their power and had to work as slaves. • Most women were concubines and domestic servants in north Africa and the Middle East

16. African forms of servitude • Variety of forms of servitude from peasant status to chattel (property) slavery • Method of increasing wealth – land owned by state • Variety of uses – servants, concubines, soldiers, administrators, field workers • Some slaves part of lineage system • Some exploited • Denied choice about lives/actions • Enslavement of women central feature • - Used to extend lineage • - Led to polygamy/harems • Sudanic states - Muslim • - Slavery legal for nonbelievers, illegal for Muslims • Rarely enslaved own people, usually neighboring tribes

17. With the start of slave trade between Europe and Africa, Portuguese used food supplies to exchange slaves./ • - but this didn’t benefit the normal people, only higher ruling class. • There was no rise in the merchant’s class as unlike in some trades. This was because the trading was basically in control of the Europeans. Therefore, the trading ports were not beneficial to Africans to spread their culture.

19. Chapter 21 Muslim Empires

20. Ottoman - Four main social classes were the Pastoral people, merchants, artisans, and peasants. - Merchants were the most privileged and were exempt from taxes and government regulations. 

22. Safavid - Although they were bitter rivals with the Ottomans, their social systems had a lot in common. - As the power of the rulers of each empire decreased, and the population increased the land peasants might flee too reduced. So the demand for a landlord class grew greatly. - Both empires patronized public work projects that provided work for many practices. 

24. Mughal - Akbar pushed for social changes -sought to improve Calendar,  establish living quarters for the large population of vagabonds, and regulate consumption of alcohol.

26. Chapter 22 Asian Transitions

27. China • HongWu promoted public works projects like dike buildings and the extension of irrigation systems for farmers. He gave away land to peasants for them to cultivate • Promoted major economy growth • Promoted silk and cotton cloth production and other handicrafts that provided income for peasant households • The peasantry was angry with the growing and overwhelming power of the Scholar-Gentry class

28. Japan • Four-Tier System • - Emperor • - Farmers, Peasants • - Artisans • - Merchants • Daimyo stalemate – huge warring period for centuries • Tokugawa Ieyasu came after • Start to trade with European travelers ; the important products are : • - firearms • - printing press • - clocks • Once upon a time, Japan decided not to trade with foreigner anymore; they started Isolation.

29. Tokugawa Ieyasu

30. Thanks for watching and listening! GOOD BYE