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Disposal

Disposal. Disposal Method Selection Criteria . Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012). Environmental and Biosecurity Considerations . Composting. Low risk of environmental contamination Proper site selection Well-compacted soil Appropriate cover

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Disposal

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  1. Disposal Disposal Method Selection Criteria Adapted from the FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal (2012)

  2. Environmental and Biosecurity Considerations FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria

  3. Composting FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Low risk of environmental contamination • Proper site selection • Well-compacted soil • Appropriate cover • Potential for nitrogen release • Indoor composting protected • Biosecurity risks • Test compost before transporting

  4. Rendering FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Environmental regulation • Biosecurity risks • Transportation to rendering facility • Handling at rendering facility • End product is generally safe • Some pathogens or toxins may not be completely eliminated • Rendered carcasses not used as feed • May be safe for landfills

  5. Permitted Landfill FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Output: leachate and landfill gas • Landfills • Systems in place for collection • Adjustments may be necessary • Biosecurity risks • Transportation • Carcass handling

  6. Unlined Burial FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria Potential water contamination Pathogens are not inactivated Long term monitoring, management, environmental testing Environmental remediation, if necessary

  7. Fixed-Facility Incineration FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Emission control devices • Ash disposal from closed container • Biosecure transport and handling • Temporary storage, if capacity exceeded • Inactivates prions

  8. Open-Air Burning FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Negative impact on air quality and water sources • Soil contamination from accelerant • Ash disposal • Pathogen may be dispersed in smoke • Public nuisance, unintended fires, and violations of regulatory restrictions

  9. Air-Curtain Incineration FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria Relatively clean-burning Can be set up on-site Fewer air pollutants than open-air burning Refractory box protects the ground at the site from ash Biosecure delivery of fuel

  10. Site-Specific Disposal Method Selection Criteria FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria

  11. Regional Limitations FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Consult authorities to minimize negative effects • Environmental • Pubic health • Other regulations • Consider local geophysical conditions and climatic trends

  12. Safety Considerations FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Safety Officer provides guidance in disposal site selection • All personnel should be trained • OSHA recommendations for people working in hazardous waste operations involving pathogens • CFR, Part 21, Chapter 1910

  13. Animals to be Disposed FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Biomass • Personnel needed • Necessary equipment • Type/species/number • Potential by-products also requiring disposal • E.g., dairy cows and milk

  14. Temporary Storage FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • Carcass disposal ideally occurs within 24 hours of depopulation • Temporary storage may be necessary in an animal health emergency • EPA regulations may apply • Storage options • Refrigeration in closed building • Grinding and preserving carcasses • Trenches, silos, pits

  15. For More Information FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria • FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines & SOP: Disposal (2012) • http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/emergency_management/ • Disposal web-based training module • http://naherc.sws.iastate.edu/

  16. Guidelines Content FAD PReP/NAHEMS Guidelines: Disposal - Disposal Method Selection Criteria Authors Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS (CFSPH) Tom Glanville, PhD (Iowa State University) Significant contributions to the content were provided by USDA APHIS VS: Lori P. Miller, PE Darrel K. Styles, DVM, PhD

  17. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the USDA APHIS Veterinary Services PPT Author: Kerry Leedom Larson, DVM, MPH, PhD, DACVPMReviewers: Janice Mogan, DVM; Reneé Dewell, DVM, MS

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