Substance Abuse Prevention and Control

1. University of PennsylvaniaNaval Reserve Officer Training Corps Substance Abuse Prevention and Control

2. Introduction • Drug and alcohol abuse is a severe detriment to combat readiness in terms of performance, reliability, judgment, and time lost. • It undermines health, safety, discipline, and loyalty.

3. Drug & Alcohol Abuse • Drug and alcohol abuse is incompatible with Navy/Marine Corps procedures & policies. • If you use drugs and alcohol, you hurt not only yourself but you also put those with whom you work at risk.

4. Importance • The use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco has decreased over the last decade, but it is still a big concern. • All personnel need to be educated on this subject.

5. Club Drugs

6. Introduction to Club Drugs • Commonly available to teens and young adults. • Research shows they cause serious side effects. • Colorless, odorless, and tasteless drugs that can be easily slipped into someone’s drink without being noticed.

7. Ecstasy • A stimulant & hallucinogen. • Slang names: X, Adam & MDMA. • Side effects: Increase in body temperature, increase in blood pressure/heart rate, teeth grinding, exhaustion and anger after drug has worn off, depression, paranoia, and aggressive or impulsive behavior.

8. Rohypnol • An odorless and tasteless powder that mixes easily into carbonated beverages. • Slang names: Ropes, Roofie, and Roche. • Side effects: Drowsiness, mental confusion, lethargy, coma, and possibly death.

9. GHB • A sedative. • Made in homes using recipes from common ingredients contained in household drain cleaners. • Slang names: G, Liquid Ecstasy, and Georgia Boy. • Side effects: Loss of reflexes, headache, coma, and possibly death.

10. Ketamine • An anesthetic commonly used to tranquilize animals. • Slang names: Kit Kat, Special K, and K. • Side effects: Loss of attention span, decreased learning ability, loss of memory, delirium, high blood pressure, and breathing problems.

11. Methamphetamine • A stimulant, often made in home laboratories. • Slang names: Speed, Ice, Chalk, and Meth. • Side effects: Memory loss, aggression, violence, psychotic behavior, and heart problems.

12. LSD • A hallucinogen that causes unpredictable behavior. • Slang names: Acid, Blotter, Window Pane, and Dots. • Side effects: Numbness, nausea, weakness, increased heart rate, sweating, loss of appetite, flashbacks, and sleeplessness.

13. Other Drugs • Marijuana - More cancer-causing agents than tobacco smoke. • Cocaine - Can cause death by cardiac arrest or respiratory failure. • Depressants- Similar to effects of alcohol. • Narcotics- Produce a feeling of euphoria that is often followed by drowsiness, nausea, and vomiting. • Other stimulants (Amphetamines/Methamphetamines) - Can cause increased heart and respiratory rates . • Inhalants - Breathable chemical vapors that produce mind-altering effects. • Over-the-Counter Drugs - Large doses can be toxic.

14. Navy’s Drug Use Policy

15. Navy Policy • The Navy’s policy on drug abuse is “Zero Tolerance.” • This means that any Sailor or Marine guilty of a single incident of drug abuse will be processed for administrative separation and likely disciplined as well.

16. Introduction • Drug use can have a severe impact on your performance, judgment, and readiness. Therefore, the Navy has a strict policy governing drug use and how drug incidents will be handled.

17. Terms to Know • Drug and Alcohol Program Advisor (DAPA) -- Manages command’s prevention, treatment, and referral administration. • Urinalysis Program Coordinator (UPC) -- Manages command’s urinalysis program. • Ensures urinalysis testing is random by using Navy Drug Screening Program (NDSP) computer software. • Ensures that all monthly submission requirements are met.

18. Navy Drug Testing • There are many drugs the Navy tests for through urinalysis. These include: • LSD, Morphine, Codeine, Cocaine, Marijuana, Barbiturates, Amphetamines, Heroin, PCP, Designer Drugs • The Navy cannot test for inhalants and ephedra through urinalysis, but can request a special test for these if a Sailor is suspected of use.

19. Urinalysis Program • Commands must test 10 to 40% of their members on a monthly basis. • A minimum of one unit sweep must be done per fiscal year, but may be done up to five times per unit per fiscal year. • All positive samples are tested three times at different stations. • The Navy must have three positives to result in a positive report.

20. NROTC Testing • A random urinalysis can be given at any time without a reason • Urinalysis tests are given at least once per semester. • Midshipmen will be supervised during the testing by a staff member or active duty student. • Urinalysis tests can also be given during summer cruise (under UCMJ)

21. Costs for Using Illicit Drugs • Captain’s Mast • Reduction in rate, fines, restriction • Specialty code removed • Processing for Administrative Separation with the possibility of an OTH discharge • Loss of all Veteran’s benefits for education, home loans, and medical care. • Humiliation

22. NROTC Penalties • A Midshipmen testing positive for any illegal substances will be referred to a Performance Review Board (PRB). • The Navy’s No Tolerance Policy results in a recommendation for disenrollment • MIDN have been kicked out of the unit in the past

23. Alcohol • Alcohol is a depressant drug that affects the central nervous system. • When consumed, alcohol goes to the stomach and small intestine where it directly enters the bloodstream without being digested. • Alcohol in the bloodstream circulates to the brain in about 30 seconds and begins to affect other body systems.

24. Health Problems Caused by Alcohol • Hangovers • Weight gain • High blood pressure • Depressed immune system • Cancer • Liver disease • Alcohol poisoning • Heart or respiratory failure • Alcoholism

25. Definitions of Alcoholism • Navy’s Definition: A disease characterized by psychological and/or physical/physiological dependence on alcohol. • Clinical Definition: A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiologic symptoms that indicate the person has impaired control of alcohol and continues use of the substance despite adverse consequences.

26. Risk/Responsibility • Alcoholism puts you at great risk for other health problems and can shorten your life by more than 10 years. • Alcoholism is a disease that can be compared to that of diabetes. (i.e., while the individual is not responsible for developing the disease, he/she is responsible for following a treatment program once they have it.)

27. The Additive Effect • The combination of alcohol and other depressant drugs interact to further reduce central nervous system functioning. The combined effects, called the additive effect, may often be far greater than would be expected with the sum of the two.

28. Facts about Alcohol • It takes the body approximately one hour to handle one drink. • An hour or two after several drinks, alcohol will still be in the system. • As long as alcohol remains in the body, potential exists for significant additive effects. • Even in very small amounts, alcohol impairs judgment.

29. Signs of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Physical changes: • Weight loss, pale face, circles under eyes • Red eyes (or frequent use of eye drops) • Unexplained skin rashes • Persistent cough, frequent colds • Changes in sleep and/or eating patterns • Deterioration of personal hygiene • Odor of alcohol or other drugs • Obvious intoxication

30. Signs of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (con’t) Behavioral changes: • Increased need for money • Quitting or getting fired from job • New friends, lying, secretiveness, mysterious phone calls • Work attendance problems • Spending more time alone • Verbal and/or physical abuse of family members • Tantrums over seemingly minor issues • Depression • Mood swings • Legal problems

31. Signs of Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse (con’t) Physical evidence of alcohol and drug abuse: • Unexplained costly items • Mouthwash or breath sprays • Metal carbonation canisters and/or heavy-duty balloons • Seeds • Burning incense • Burns on hands or clothing • Possession of alcohol and other drugs • Plastic bags, rolling papers, “roach” clips, “bongs”, glass pipes, mirrors and/or razor blades, pipes and small screens

32. Navy’s Alcohol Policy

33. Introduction • Alcohol, even if consumed in small quantities, can impair your judgment. • The Navy has developed a policy for the “responsible use” of alcohol

34. Responsible Use • The Navy’s policy on alcohol use is “responsible use,” which leaves it up to the individual to decide whether he/she will consume alcohol. • Abstinence from alcohol is a responsible option; however, if abstinence is not chosen there should be some self-imposed limitations. • Underage drinkers violate the law and will be dealt with accordingly.

35. Navy’s Policy on Alcohol • Any use of alcohol shall not: • Impair the rational and full exercise of a member’s mental and physical faculties while on duty or in the performance of military duties. • Reduce the member’s dependability or reliability. • Reflect discredit upon the member personally or upon the Navy.

36. Alcohol Incidents and Disciplinary Action • Counseling • Comments in evaluations and fitness reports • Administrative separation (begins at the second incident of a DUI) • Punitive measures under the UCMJ • Midshipmen may be be punished by campus housing, police, and/or the unit.

37. Fake IDs • MIDN caught with fake or altered IDs either from ROTC staff or by university or law enforcement officials will be subject to immediate dismissal from the unit • The military has a no tolerance policy regarding Fake IDs

38. Alcohol Monitors • University or ROTC alcohol monitors may write up and send disciplinary reports of underage drinking to unit staff • Alcohol Monitors may also recommend further disciplinary actions to your individual university or the local law enforcement

39. Tobacco Facts • Tobacco use, particularly smoking, remains the #1 cause of preventable death in the U.S. • 71% of Americans ages 12 and older have tried smoking cigarettes sometime in their life. • Nearly 30% of the population ages 12 and older reported being a current smoker. • After a person quits smoking, it takes 10 years to replace any pre-cancerous cells in the body. • 1 out of every 2 smokers who start smoking at a young age (and continue throughout their lives) will ultimately die of a tobacco-related illness.

40. Tobacco • Tobacco use is not limited just to smoking. • All tobacco is addictive and deadly. • Desired effects tobacco users hope to gain include: • Relaxation. • Relief of compliance with social custom • Appetite control • Increase in energy

41. Health Effects of Tobacco Use • Shortness of breath  • Asthma • Increased carbon monoxide levels • Impotence • Infertility • Heart attack • Stroke • Lung and other cancers • Chronic obstructive lung disease

42. Health Concerns of Tobacco Use • Tobacco can interact with medications and lead to a decreased effect of the medications. • Those who smoke or use other types of tobacco have increased illnesses and are absent from work more often than those people who do not use tobacco. • Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of harmful indoor air pollution. Approx 3,000 people per year die from exposure to ETS.

43. Navy’s Tobacco Use Policy • Support abstinence. • Reduce tobacco use. • Discourage the use of tobacco products. • Create a healthy working environment. • Provide encouragement and professional assistance to stop smoking. • Provide a tobacco cessation program.

44. Navy’s Tobacco Use Policy (con’t) • Tobacco use shall not be permitted at any time in training and administrative buildings. • Tobacco use outdoors is prohibited, except in designated areas. • Outside tobacco-use areas shall be well controlled and policed and shall not be at front entrances of buildings. • Personnel using outside tobacco use areas shall be in proper uniform, including cover.

45. Navy/USMC Core Values • Honor - Drug and alcohol use undermines an individual’s ability to be truthful and honest. • Courage – Drug and alcohol use undermines an individual’s ability to be courageous. • Commitment – One’s ability to exhibit commitment is severely affected by alcohol and drug use.