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Modeling and Simulation of HEV and EV Power Electronics

Modeling and Simulation of HEV and EV Power Electronics. Dr. Sam Dao Applications Engineer. Paul Goossens Vice President, Applications Engineering. The HEV/EV Modeling Problem. HEV and EV modeling presents new problems Complex, multi-domain models

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Modeling and Simulation of HEV and EV Power Electronics

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  1. Modeling and Simulation ofHEV and EV Power Electronics Dr. Sam Dao Applications Engineer Paul Goossens Vice President, Applications Engineering

  2. The HEV/EV Modeling Problem • HEV and EV modeling presents new problems • Complex, multi-domain models • Difficult to run in realtime for HiL applications • Coupling between domains can cause unexpected responses • Batteries and power electronics are very complex • Costly prototypes must be built to reveal system-level problems

  3. The Need for Fast and Accurate Models • Accurate system-level models require accurate battery and power electronics models • Electro-chemical battery models are very complicated physical systems with complicated mathematical descriptions • Interaction of battery with power electronics and vehicle dynamics reveals higher-order effects can be mitigated • Access to system-level equations provides further insight

  4. HEV Components

  5. HEV Powertrain • IC Engine • Simple: controlled torque driver (ideal or lookup map) • Mean Value: physical equations for overall power output and fuel consumption • Cycle-by-cycle: detailed four-stroke model • Engine/transmission coupling • Controllable Friction Clutch (built into MapleSim library) • Torque Converter (lookup tables for torque ratio and load capacity) • Transmissions • Basic components • Decomposed planetary (planet-planet, planet-ring) • Dual ratio planetary: co-rotating/counter-rotating planets • Manual 5-speed • Automatic 4-Speed (ZF 4HP22: 3 planetary gears, 12 clutches) • 6-speed Dual-clutch • Ravigneaux 4-speed • Lepelletier 4-Speed • CR-CR 4-speed • Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) • Ideal or Lossy (Lookup tables for meshing friction, torque friction, slip) • Differentials • Passive/Active • Ideal/Lossy

  6. Energy Storage/Conversion • Batteries/Fuel Cells • Motors • Generation/Regeneration • Power Conversion • State-of-charge control

  7. Vehicle Dynamics • Multibody components for 3D Chassis Modeling • Chassis/Suspension/Steering • Stability Analysis and Control

  8. Example: Hybrid-Electric Vehicle

  9. FTP Drive Cycle: Simulation Results

  10. Power Split: Torque/Speed

  11. Video

  12. Battery Modeling in MapleSim Sam Dao, PhD, Maplesoft

  13. Batteries • Details Physics and Equivalent Circuit: • Lead-Acid • Ni-MH • Li-Ion for the following chemistries: • LiNiO2, LiCoO2, LiV2O5, LiFePO4 (Lithium-iron/iron phosphate), LiMn2O4, LiMn2O4 low plateau, LiTiS2, LiWO3, NaCoO2.

  14. Approaches to Battery Modeling • Circuit-based models: • represents battery behaviour as electrical circuit • conceptually simple • hides the battery physics • Chemistry-based models • more accurate modeling of all battery characteristics • many configuration parameters • complicated model

  15. Circuitry Battery Model Relate SOC to component values based on experimental data Short and long time response, charge depletion and recovery • Pros: • Simple and easy to understand • Accurate model and fast to simulate • Cons: • Does not include temperature effects • New model has to be developed when battery parameters are changed Open-circuit voltage Battery capacity

  16. Circuitry Battery Model • Comparison with actual battery discharge:

  17. Physics-Based Battery Models • Lithium-Ion battery modeling using porous electrode theory: • Cathode: • Anode: Porous negative electrode contains graphite Porous separator Porous positive electrode contains metal oxides

  18. Physics-Based Battery Models • Distribution of liquid-phase concentration over x:

  19. Physics-Based Battery Models • Discharge voltage with pulse current (30 A) • Battery voltage with different cathode chemistries

  20. Power Electrical Components and Circuits in MapleSim Paul Goossens, Maplesoft

  21. Basic Components • Semiconductors • BJT (NPN, PNP) • MOSFET (N, P) • Diodes • Triggered components • Thyristor, GTO • Multi-phase components

  22. Motors/Generators • DC • Permanent Magnet, Excited Armatures • Equivalent Circuit • AC • Synchronous and Asynchronous • Multi-phase • Stepper • Brushless DC

  23. Power electrical subsystems

  24. IGBT

  25. IGBT Single-stage Driver

  26. Three-phase IGBT Drive Asynchronous Induction Motor Speed

  27. What is MapleSim? • MapleSim is a truly unique physical modeling tool: • Built on a foundation of symbolic computation technology • Handles all of the complex mathematics involved in the development of engineering models • Multi-domain systems, plant modeling, control design • Leverages the power of Maple to take advantage of extensive analytical tools • Reduces model development time from months to days while producing high-fidelity, high-performance models

  28. Summary Complex physical modeling is becoming increasingly important – and increasingly complex – particularly in EV and HEV systems design, testing and integration MapleSim is the ideal tool for rapid development of complex multi-domain physical models of EV and HEV systems for full-powertrain simulation and testing Extensive range of battery and power-electronic models is available to give you the fidelity you need

  29. Questions? Thank You

  30. www.maplesim.com www.maplesoft.com/subscribe

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