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Gas Laws

Gas Laws. Learning Goals. State the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas. Apply the gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas. Charles’s Law.

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Gas Laws

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  1. Gas Laws

  2. Learning Goals • State the relationships among pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas. • Apply the gas laws to problems involving the pressure, temperature, and volume of a constant amount of gas.

  3. Charles’s Law • Charles’s law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temperature at constant pressure.

  4. Gay-Lussac’s Law • Gay-Lussac’s law states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature when the volume remains constant.

  5. Boyle’s Law • Boyle’s law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with the pressure. P1V1= P2V2

  6. The Combined Gas Law • The combined gas law states the relationship among pressure, temperature, and volume of a fixed amount of gas.

  7. Avogadro’s Principle • Avogadro’s principle states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles.

  8. Avogadro’s Principle • The molar volume of a gas is the volume 1 mol occupies at 0.00°C and 1.00 atm of pressure. • 0.00°C and 1.00 atm are called standard temperature and pressure (STP). • At STP, 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L.

  9. The Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gas particles occupy a negligible volume and are far enough apart to exert minimal attractive or repulsive forces on each other. • The ideal gas constant is represented by R and is 0.0821 L•atm/mol•K when pressure is in atmospheres.

  10. The Ideal Gas Law • The ideal gas law describes the physical behavior of an ideal gas in terms of pressure, volume, temperature, and amount.

  11. The Ideal Gas Law • Ideal gases follow the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory. • No gas is truly ideal, but most behave as ideal gases at a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

  12. Practice • What is the volume of 1.00 mol of chlorine gas at standard temperature and pressure?

  13. Practice • A sample of nitrogen gas has a volume of 1.75 L at STP. How many moles of nitrogen are present?

  14. Practice • What volume will 3.50 mol of Xe gas occupy at STP?

  15. Practice • What mass of hydrogen gas is required to react with 1.50 L oxygen gas at STP?

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