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Pulmonary Emboli

Pulmonary Emboli. Obstruction of pulmonary artery or branch by blood clot, air, fat, amniotic fluid, or septic thrombus Most thrombus are blood clots from leg veins Obstructed area has diminished or absent blood flow Although area is ventilated, no gas exchange occurs

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Pulmonary Emboli

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  1. Pulmonary Emboli • Obstruction of pulmonary artery or branch by blood clot, air, fat, amniotic fluid, or septic thrombus • Most thrombus are blood clots from leg veins • Obstructed area has diminished or absent blood flow • Although area is ventilated, no gas exchange occurs • Inflammatory process causes regional blood vessels, bronchioles to constrict, further increasing pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary arterial pressure, right ventricular workload • Ventilation-perfusion imbalance, right ventricular failure, shock occur

  2. Risk Factors for Pulmonary Emboli • Venous stasis • Hypercoagulabilty • Venous endothelial disease • Certain disease states: heart disease, trauma, postoperative/postpartum, diabetes mellitus, COPD • Other conditions: pregnancy, obesity, oral contraceptive use, constrictive clothing • Previous history of thrombophlebitis

  3. Clinical Manifestation • Dyspnea most frequent symptoms • Tachypnea most frequent sign • Chest pain (sudden, substernal) • Anxiety, fever, tachycardia, cough, apprehension, hemoptysis.

  4. Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Emboli • Prevention • Exercises to avoid venous stasis • Early ambulation • Anticoagulant therapy • Sequential compression devices (SCDs) • Treatment • Measures to improve respiratory, CV status • Anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy

  5. Umbrella Filter

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