Simulating Fuel Treatments

1. Idyllwild Esperanza Simulating Fuel Treatments Idyllwild • From http://www.zillow.com

2. Idyllwild Simulating Fuel Treatments

3. A simple but inaccurate way Untreated ‘Treated’ Simulating Fuel Treatments

4. An Excel workbook to determine resulting fuels Treatment Type Resulting fuel Simulating Fuel Treatments Original fuel

5. Using ArcFuels http://www.fs.fed.us/wwetac/arcfuels/ Simulating Fuel Treatments

6. Using ArcFuels • Obtained recent fuel treatmentsfrom FACTS database:http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/rsl/clearinghouse/gis-download.shtml Simulating Fuel Treatments

7. Using ArcFuels Untreated Treated Simulating Fuel Treatments

8. Sets of fuel models Scott & Burgan 40 fuel models Simulating Fuel Treatments NFFL 13 fuel models http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr153.pdf

9. Comparing FARSITE runs UntreatedTreated Simulating Fuel Treatments

10. FARSITE has limited capability: Adding barriers Simulating line-building Simulating aerial attacks Simulating Fire Suppression

11. START Generate random starting locations & times Running Batch Simulations Load landscape & weather data Generate Probability Map Iterate overlocations & times FARSITE Model Compute total losses & costs Save perimeter& run data STOP

12. Running Batch Simulations Idyllwild 4 study sites x 100 random locations x 100 random times = 40,000 simulations

13. Running Batch Simulations

14. Running Batch Simulations

15. Untreated Treated Treatments in Batch Simulations

16. Forest Activity database (FACTS) contained events from 2004 - 2010 Records in the database included: Type of activity Method used (mechanical, manual, etc.) Equipment used Size of area affected Date completed Cost GIS data (polygons) Treatments in Batch Simulations

17. Treatments in Batch Simulations

18. Suppression runs: Used same 100 locations & 100 times for each of the 4 study areas Used original first-hour perimeters as starting perimeter(to model time for resources to ‘discover fire’ & react) Fires were simulated for another 5 hours simulation time A set of firefighting resources was predetermined The resources followed certain predefined rules Suppression in Batch Simulations

19. Resources: 1 Type I crew 2 Type II crews 1 engine with 600 gallon capacity 1 engine with 1,000 gallon capacity Grumman S-2T Airtanker with 1,200 gallon capacity Grumman S-2A Airtanker with 200 gallon capacity Bell UH-1H A++ Super Huey Helicopter Columbia BV-107 Helicopter Suppression in Batch Simulations

20. Some general rules: Aircraft cannot fly at night(US Forest Service policy) If it is daylight, and (fire size > 162,000m2 OR spread rate is large) use AIRCRAFT If the starting fire size <130,000m2 & predominant fuel is 1, 2, 5-11, 14, 15, or 19, use DIRECT attackelse use INDIRECT attack Attempt main attack at fire head (direction of max spread) ORbetween nearby structures (homes) and fire Crews, engines, and aircraft attempt to surround fires with barriers. The most effective resources should work between the fire & houses Suppression in Batch Simulations

21. Example attacks Direct Indirect Aerial (direct) Suppression in Batch Simulations

22. Costs Standard Type I Crew CostPerHour: 225.35 FlatFee: 1600.01 Standard Type II Crew CostPerHour: 160.96 FlatFee: 1260.69 Standard Type II Crew CostPerHour: 160.96 FlatFee: 1260.69 Engine 24 – 600 CostPerHour: 76.56 FlatFee: 435.35 Engine 47 – 1000 CostPerHour: 76.56 FlatFee: 317.62 Grumman S-2T AirtankerCostPerDrop: 9271.71 with 1,200 gallon capacity Grumman S-2A AirtankerCostPerDrop: 5150.95 with 200 gallon capacity Bell UH-1H A++ CostPerDrop: 1064.65 Super Huey Helicopter Columbia BV-107 Helicopter CostPerDrop: 2839.06 Suppression in Batch Simulations