Vietnam Launch #2

1. Vietnam Launch #2 Choose three things you notice in the political cartoon. Explain in three complete sentences how you think each is significant to understanding the meaning of the cartoon.

2. The Brutality of the War Vietnam (2) Mrs. Gilbert

3. I. Battlefield Conditions: • Many soldiers went to war enthusiastic about the job they were being asked to do. When they arrived in Vietnam they encountered the frustrations of guerilla warfare in the swamps & jungles. • Locals often supported the Communists. • Soldiers found it confusing & disturbing that the South Vietnamese were indifferent to American efforts while they were trying to defend their freedom.

5. I. Battlefield Conditions: • Fighting conditions were tough. Soldiers fought leeches, fever & jungle rot in the jungle. • Troops never knew what to expect next, & never couldbe sure who was a friend or enemy. A woman or child could be a Viet Cong ally concealing a live grenade. • Viet Cong used guerilla warfare tactics & launched sneak attacks & sabotage. • Booby traps of the guerilla fighters posed constant hazards & threat of sudden danger. • Many tried to be good soldiers, yet accidentally killed or wounded innocent children.

7. II. Effects on Civilians: • The war devastated Vietnamese civilians in the North and South. • April 1966, Americans introduced the B-52 bomber to smash roads & bridges. • *Saturation bombing, dropping thousands of tons of explosives over large areas tore North Vietnam apart. It killed & maimed countless civilians. • Agent Orange, a herbicide, was dropped on dense jungle landscapes to expose the Viet Cong hiding places. Later discovered to cause health problems to livestock & humans. • *Napalm was another destructive chemical used. The jellylike substance was dropped as a “firebomb” from planes. It stuck to people’s bodies & seared off their flesh.

8. Student Protest

9. III. Student Activist: • The Pentagon Papers revealed that the government had lied to both Congress and the American People • Civil Rights activist helped to organize Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) • Port Huron Statement – SDS’s declaration of principles and goals • New Left – members of the New Left believed that problems such as Poverty and racism called for radical changes

10. The Free Speech Movement: • The first confrontation of the student revolution was at theUniversity of California Berkeley

11. B. The Teach In Movement: • Teach-ins – when professors would teach a special night session about the issues concerning the war.

12. IV. Resistance to the War: • Conscientious Objector – opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds • College students could receive deferments • By the end of the war 100,000 young men had crossed the border into Canada in order to avoid the draft • In the first 6 months of 1968 more than 200 protests erupted at colleges and universities around the country • Many people turned against the anti-war movement when a protest in Chicago turned violent

13. Launch #4: Napalm Analyze the photo. Write three complete sentences to explain the circumstances of the people in the photo (who, what, where, when, and why).

14. Pictures in History: Napalm 10:50

16. III. The My Lai Massacre: • March 1968, the brutality of the war came into sharp focus at My Lai, a small village in South Vietnam. • U.S. got word that 250 Viet Cong were being sheltered at My Lai. • Troops moved in to clear out the village/ discovered only women, children & old men.

17. ***III. My Lai Massacre (con’t):*** • The soldiers were worn by the tensions, terrors, & frustrations of fighting. Some lost Control. • Lieut. William Calley, Jr. was in charge. He ordered everyone to be “rounded up,” then gave the order to kill the prisoners. • At least 175 & perhaps more than 400 Vietnamese died in the My Lai Massacre.

18. III. My Lai Massacre (con’t): • More would have been killed if pilot Hugh Thompson hadn’t landed his helicopter between the soldiers & the fleeing Vietnamese. He threatened to fire on the soldiers. • Lieut. Calley was given a sentence of life in prison with hard labor. Many saw him as a scapegoat. • President Nixon reduced his sentence to twenty years/ released in 3 years.

19. IV. Atrocities at Hue: • Atrocities at the city of Hue were overshadowed by the publicity at My Lai. • **During the Tet Offensive the Communists slaughtered anyone labeled an enemy including officials, teachers and doctors. • The bodies of 3,000 to 5,000 were found in mass graves after American and South Vietnamese forces retook the city.

20. Weather Underground

22. Vietnam Launch #4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Baaai2_Zh8

24. Student Protest and the Counter Culture Vietnam - 3

25. IV. Resistance to the War: • Conscientious Objector – opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds • College students could receive deferments • By the end of the war 100,000 young men had crossed the border into Canada in order to avoid the draft • In the first 6 months of 1968 more than 200 protests erupted at colleges and universities around the country • Many people turned against the anti-war movement when a protest in Chicago turned violent

26. Fortunate Son

27. The Counter Culture

28. I. A Time of Change: A. The Sexual Revolution: • Some believed that sex should be separated from its traditional ties to family life. • Some hippies lived in communal groups • More couples were living together without being married.

30. B. The Drug Scene: • The use of drugs, especially marijuana, became more widespread during the 60s • Timothy Leary preached that drugs could free the mind (LSD)

31. Buffalo Springfield For What It's Worth There's something happening here What it is ain't exactly clear There's a man with a gun over there Telling me I got to beware I think it's time we stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down There's battle lines being drawn Nobody's right if everybody's wrong Young people speaking their minds Getting so much resistance from behind I think it's time we stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down

32. What a field-day for the heat A thousand people in the street Singing songs and carrying signs Mostly say, hooray for our side It's time we stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Paranoia strikes deep Into your life it will creep It starts when you're always afraid You step out of line, the man come and take you away We better stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, hey, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, now, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down Stop, children, what's that sound Everybody look what's going down

33. II. The Music World: • Major musical name of the 60s – The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Doors, Janis Joplin, and Jimi Hendrix

35. A. Woodstock: • About 400, 000 people gathered for several days in a large pasture in Bethel, New York

36. I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die RagJoe McDonald (1965) Well, Come On All Of You, Big Strong Men,Uncle Sam Needs Your Help Again.He's Got Himself In A Terrible JamWay Down Yonder In VietnamSo Put Down Your Books And Pick Up A Gun,We're Gonna Have A Whole Lotta Fun. And It's One, Two, Three,What Are We Fighting For ?Don't Ask Me, I Don't Give A Damn,Next Stop Is Vietnam;And It's Five, Six, Seven,Open Up The Pearly Gates,Well There Ain't No Time To Wonder Why,Whoopee! We're All Gonna Die. Come On Wall Street, Don't Be Slow,Why Man, This Is War Au-Go-GoThere's Plenty Good Money To Be MadeBy Supplying The Army With The Tools Of Its Trade,But Just Hope And Pray That If They Drop The Bomb,They Drop It On The Viet Cong. Well, come on general, let’s move fast; Your big chance has come at last. Gotta go out and get those reds- The only good commie is the one who’s dead And you know that peace can only be won When We've Blown 'Em All To Kingdom Come. Come On Mothers Throughout The Land,Pack Your Boys Off To Vietnam.Come On Fathers, And Don't HesitateTo Send Your Sons Off Before It's Too Late.And You Can Be The First Ones On Your BlockTo Have Your Boy Come Home In A Box. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7Y0ekr-3So

37. B. Altamont: • 300,000 people gathered for a concert by the Rolling Stones • One man was killed when the concert turned violent • Hell’s Angels served as security for the concert