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RAD 350 Chapt . 25 Fluoroscopy

RAD 350 Chapt . 25 Fluoroscopy. Fluoro’s primary function is to enable one to view the patient in “real time” with dynamic motion Invented by Thomas Edison in 1896

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RAD 350 Chapt . 25 Fluoroscopy

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  1. RAD 350 Chapt. 25 Fluoroscopy • Fluoro’s primary function is to enable one to view the patient in “real time” with dynamic motion • Invented by Thomas Edison in 1896 • Utilized a conventional x-ray unit with a fluorescent screen that would convert the x-rays (remnant beam) to low level light the radiologist could view

  2. Image Intensified Fluoro

  3. II Fluoro • Increased image brightness with II over direct fluoro is the biggest advantage of II • Usually controlled by “automatic brightness control” (ABC that the radiologist can control)

  4. Image Intensifier • Dang it – I couldn’t find a picture, so draw the dang thing! • Input phosphore • Photocathode (photo emission) • Evacuated glass envelope • Electrostatic focusing lens (neg. charge) • Anode • Output phosphor

  5. Image intensifier(I lied – here is the picture)

  6. Gain • Minification gain – ratio of input to output sizes • Flux gain – ratio of # of input PHOTONS to output LIGHT PHOTONS • Brightness gain (total brightness gain)= minification gain X flux gain

  7. Fluoro Magnification • Most fluoro II units have dual input phosphor sizes (9” and 6” {27/17 cm}) • Some have “tri” input (trifield tubes 27/17/12 cm) • The crossover of the electron stream’s distance from the output phosphor determines the amount of magnification • Mag mode = better spatial resolution, better contrast resolution and HIGHER PT. DOSE!!!

  8. TV/Monitor Viewing • Must “couple” the output phosphor to a TV camera tube or CCD/TFT • Vidicon tube is the MOST frequently used tube • Image orthocon and plumbicon are also used

  9. Other viewing/imaging devices • Fiber optics and beam splitters are used to help direct the digitized image to the various destinations (TV monitor, photospot film camera, VCR/DVD recorder, cine camera)

  10. Eyes use rods and cones • Photopic vision – daylight vision uses the CONES • Scotopic Vision - night time vision and uses the RODS

  11. Conventional Fluoro Techniques(not digital fluoro) • Fluoro usually is operated at 5 mA and uses the highest OPTIMUM kVp • Protective Fluoro Measures • Bucky slot cover • Lead curtain • 5 min. back up timer • Lead gloves and aprons (5mm pb) – secondary barriers • Distance

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