From Classrooms to Keyboards: Teaching Psychology in an Online University

1. From Classrooms to Keyboards: Teaching Psychology in an Online University Liz Clark, PhD, Adjunct Faculty, Graduate Psychology - Chair Edward Cumella, PhD, Full-Time Faculty, Graduate Psychology Alison Humphreys, MS, Adjunct Faculty, Undergraduate Psychology Nicole Bertke, MS, Assistant Chair, Undergraduate Psychology Presentation slides available now at: kappsych.wordpress.com

2. From Classrooms to KeyboardsLiz Clark, PhD Kaplan University • The Big Picture • Broad Accessibility in Underserved Areas • 20% Military • 40% Racial/Ethnic Minorities • High %age in Rural Areas • Invitations For Those With Special Needs

3. From Classroom to KeyboardEdward Cumella, PhD Kaplan University Mentoring Students Electronically: Theses and Dissertations in an Online Psychology Graduate Program

4. From Classroom to KeyboardEdward Cumella, PhD Kaplan University Mentoring Research Mentoring research is not simply an offshoot of being a researcher. It is an area of professional practice in itself with an evidence basis and best practices.

5. Professional Identity formation HARVESTING 7 Steps SHOWING Catalyzing Sowing Accompanying Confidence Building

6. Confidence Building Assessing student’s confidence level, building realistic confidence • Challenge: Newness • Resolutions: • Assessment: Excited, confused, overwhelmed, overconfident • Connection • Assurance • Valuing • Organization

7. Accompanying Making a commitment to each other • Challenge: Roles/Boundaries • Resolution: Mentor controls the boundaries

8. Sowing Preparing the learner before s/he is ready to change • Challenge: No context for understanding • Resolution: Repetition with increasing detail

9. Catalyzing Change reaches critical level of pressure, learning escalates • Challenge: Unexpected obstacles • Solution: Outreach & problem solving

10. Example • Correlation Matrix – “It’s 162 pages!”

11. Showing Making understandable by visual or verbal example • Challenge: Teaching statistics & APA tables • Solution: Adobe Connect

12. Harvesting Creating awareness of what was learned • Challenge: Lack of context • Resolution: Professional connections

13. Professional Identity Formation Subtle transition from teacher to colleague • Challenge: Lack of face to face contact • Solution: Shifting language & interaction style

14. Advantages of online research mentoring • The world is our apple! • Research relevant to local communities but still generalizable • Hearing the voices of people who don’t often get to share their views • Inspirational to local groups • Leveraging free resources and energy around the nation

15. the future of psychology education: Reflections Broader penetration of psychology into under-represented populations • 20% military • 40% racial/ethnic minorities • Large % live in rural areas • Many students with chronic illness and disabilities

16. Resources Abdallah, F., Hillerich, K., Romero, V., Topp, E. A., & Wnuk, K. (2010). Supervision of a master’s thesis:Analysis and guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.lth.se/fileadmin/lth/genombrottet/konferens2010/42_Abdallah_etal.pdf Brew, A., & Peseta, T. (2004). Changing postgraduate supervision practice. Innovations in Education and Teaching International,41, 5-22. Murray, R. (2002). How to write a thesis. Buckingham, England: Open University Press. Scarborough, J. L., Bernard, J. M., Morse, R. E. (2006). Boundary considerations between doctoral students and master's students. Counseling and Values, 51, 53-65. Trafford, V. N. & Leshem, S. (2002). Starting at the end to undertake doctoral research: Predictable questions as stepping stones. Higher Education Review, 35, 31-49. Wisker, G. (2012). The good supervisor: Supervising postgraduate and undergraduate research for doctoral theses and dissertations. New York: NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Zuber-Skerritt, O. (2002). Supervising postgraduate students from non-English- speaking backgrounds. Buckingham, England: Open University Press.

17. From Classrooms to KeyboardsAlison Humphreys, MS Kaplan University The Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities of Teaching Psychology Online: The Adjunct Perspective

18. Why the Adjunct Perspective is Important • Almost ¾ of undergraduate courses in the United States are taught by part-time or contingent faculty (American Federation of Teachers, 2010) • Adjunct faculty members account for almost half of all faculty (American Association of University Professors, 2014)

19. Benefits of Being an Online Adjunct Instructor • Same benefits as all adjuncts: • Avoid politics • Different Expectations • Additional benefits: • Standardized classes • Flexibility

20. Challenges of Being an Online Adjunct Instructor Some challenges all adjuncts face: • No guarantee of work • Unsteady work load • No set salary/benefits • Salary and/or course load limits • No tenure • Not always consulted

21. Additional Challenges • Professional isolation - not as many opportunities for personal connections with supervisors and colleagues • Have to be mindful that - not everyone will understand the tone of e-mails and posts in Discussion Boards… use humor carefully • Many online adjuncts - teach at multiple schools and/or have other jobs

22. Professional Isolation • Attend online faculty meetings • Volunteer for positions and opportunities outside of the classroom • Reach out to colleagues and supervisors

23. Best Practices in Online Teaching • Check e-mail often • Load professional photo • Post permanent announcements to the course • Post weekly announcements • Regularly (daily if possible) go into classroom • Provide asynchronous seminars • Post grades in a timely manner • Provide specific, personalized, positive, and constructive feedback in the Gradebook

24. Time Management • Organization • Efficient use of time • Development and execution of an effective schedule • Planned separation of professional and personal time

25. Making The Online Classroom Work Relate to students personally • Similar experiences Time Management • Manage personal and professional obligations

26. From Classrooms to KeyboardsLiz Clark, PhD - Chair Edward Cumella, PhD Alison Humphreys, MS Nicole Bertke, MS Kaplan University The Meeting http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYu_bGbZiiQ

27. From Classrooms to KeyboardsNicole Bertke, MS Kaplan University What Administrators Need to Know About Managing Faculty in an On-Line Setting

28. Challenges • Nature of discipline • University culture – mission, goals, values • Employee selection • Required infrastructure and resources (Greer & Payne, 2014; Monochehri& Pinkerton, 2003)

29. Challenges • Legal considerations • Managerial control • Mentoring • Monitoring and performance measurement (Greer & Payne, 2014; Kurland & Bailey, 1999; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003)

30. Challenges Employee isolation and communication • Concerns over fairness • Anxiety over job security • Promotion potential • Influences on job satisfaction and turnover (Dahlstrom, 2013; Monochehri& Pinkerton, 2003)

31. Challenges Employee isolation and communication • Interdependence of teamwork • Informal information sharing or “in-place career development” and synergy • Missed face-to-face contact and non-verbal cues Dahlstrom, 2013; Greer & Payne, 2014; ; Kurland & Bailey, 1999; Monochehri & Pinkerton, 2003; Young, 1991)

32. Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance Measurement • Hiring suitable employees • Training, mentoring, and support • Clear expectations, goals for performance, coaching & feedback (Schraeder & Jordan, 2011; Young, 1991)

33. Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance Measurement Monitoring • Random classroom visits • Classroom visits (daily, weekly, or EOT reports) Performance appraisals • Regular meetings • Employee engagement/empowerment (Schraeder& Jordan, 2011; Young, 1991)

34. Overcoming the Challenges: Monitoring and Performance Measurement Relationship-oriented behaviors versus task oriented behaviors • Support, communication, and trust • Responsiveness, thoroughness, and communicating to maintain connectedness (Dahlstrom, 2013; Kowalski & Swanson, 2005; Timmerman & Scott, 2006)

35. Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication • Use advanced technologies • Google chat or other IM options • Google Hangout, Skype, Adobe Connect • Community web pages (SharePoint, Google sites, Facebook, Google Community, etc.) • Phone calls (Greer & Payne, 2014)

36. Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication • Be accessible • Semi-structured temporal boundaries • Encourage collaboration and information sharing • Regular meetings and updates (Greer & Payne, 2014)

37. Overcoming the Challenges: Employee Isolation and Communication • Recognizing and sharing personal and professional accomplishments/milestones • Promoting and sharing best practices • Brainstorm sessions

38. Resources Dahlstrom, D.R. (2013). Telecommuting and leadership style. Public Personnel Management,42, 3, 438-451. Greer, T.W. & Payne, S.C. (2014). Overcoming telework challenges: Outcomes of successful telework strategies. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17 (2), 87-111. Kowalski, K., & Swanson, J. (2005). Critical success factors in developing teleworking programs. Benchmarking, 12, 236-259. Kurkland, N. B., & Bailey, D. E. (1999). Telework: The advantages and challenges of working here, there, anywhere, and anytime. Organizational Dynamics, 28, 53– 68. Manochehri, G., & Pinkerton, T. (2003). Managing telecommuters: Opportunities and challenges. American Business Review, 21, 9-16. Schraeder, M. & Jordan, M. (2011). Managing performance: A practical perspective on managing employee performance. The Journal for Quality & Participation, 34 (2),4-10. Timmerman, E., & Scott, C. (2006). Virtually working: Communicative and structural predictors of media use and key outcomes in virtual work teams. Communication Monographs,73, 108-136. Young, J. (1991). The advantages of telecommuting. Management Review, 80 (7), 19-21.

39. Contact Information Liz Clark, PhD lizclark@kaplan.edu Edward Cumella, PhD ecumella@kaplan.edu Alison Humphreys, MS ahumphreys@kaplan.edu Nicole Bertke, MS nbertke@kaplan.edu Presentation Slides Available Now At: kappsych.wordpress.com