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Light

Light . Polarization, Ray Models, and Plane Mirrors. Polarization. Polarization : the production/orientation of light waves in a single plane of oscillation. Unpolarized light are light waves that vibrate in more than one plane.

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Light

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  1. Light Polarization, Ray Models, and Plane Mirrors

  2. Polarization • Polarization: the production/orientation of light waves in a single plane of oscillation. • Unpolarized light are light waves that vibrate in more than one plane. • We know from our study of EM waves that light vibrates in two perpendicular planes. • Polarization eliminates one of these planes of orientation.

  3. Polarization Polarization by Filtering Polarization by Reflection When light waves reflect off a surface they are partially polarized in the plane of the surface. Adding a polarizing filter (such as sunglasses) will significantly reduce glare on lakes and roads. • A polarizing filter are designed to block the vibration of light waves in more than one direction. • The orientation of the polarization axis determines in which plane light will oscillate.

  4. Polarization Photography With Polarizer Without Polarizer • Provides better Color Saturation • Darkens the sky

  5. Polarization Photography With Polarizer Without Polarizer

  6. Polarization Photography : Scattering Haze De-hazed

  7. Polarization Photography : Wide Angle Lenses Vignetting of the Sky

  8. Polarization Photography : Reflections ReduceReflections

  9. Polarization Photography : Reflections ReduceReflections

  10. Polarization Photography : Underwater • Underwater pipelines • and communication • Offshore structures • Offshore drilling rigs • Vessel inspection • Underwater ROV/AOV • Marine biology • Recreational photography • Marine archaeology • Underwater mapping

  11. Polarization • Malus’s Law explains the reduction of light intensity as the result of two polarization filters • I = intensity of light out of second filter • Io = intensity of light out of first filter • θ = angle between polarization axes

  12. The Ray Model of Light Since light seems to move in straight lines, why not follow a light wave along a straight line path and simply draw the line to represent how the light will behave This line will be perpendicular to the wave front of the light wave We’ll see how this model helps understand many characteristics of light behavior

  13. Ray Model of Light • The ray model of light was created as a way of studying how light interacts with matter. • Light waves are represented as a ray that travels in a straight line until it encounters an obstruction. • The study of light and how it behaves is known as optics.

  14. The Ray Model of Light Light from an object either results because the object is emitting light or light is reflecting from the surface of the object

  15. Reflection from a Plane Mirror • Law of Reflection: θr = θi • The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. This assumes the surface is perfectly smooth. • All angles are measured from the normal. • The normal is an imaginary line, drawn perpendicularly from the point where the incident ray hits the reflective surface, used as a reference for ray diagrams.

  16. Diffuse Reflection When the surface is rough, the surface at any point makes some angle w.r.t. the horizontal. The angle of incidence still equals the angle of reflection.

  17. Plane Mirrors In the left hand picture with a rough surface, you can place your eye anywhere and you will see some reflected rays. On the right hand side, your eye has to be in the correct position to see the reflected light. This is called specular reflection.

  18. Plane Mirrors A plane mirror provides the opportunity to fool you by making your eye and brain perceive an image.

  19. Plane Mirrors The image appears to be the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front of the mirror.

  20. Plane Mirrors The image is called a virtual image because it is formed behind the mirror by diverging rays of light. If you placed a piece of paper at the image location, you wouldn’t see any light.

  21. More Rules for Plane Mirrors • Plane-Mirror Image Position: the position of an image formed by a plane mirror is equal to the negative of the object position. di = -do • Plane-Mirror Image Height: the height of an image formed by a plane mirror is equal to the height of the object. hi = ho

  22. How Big a Mirror?

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