LS.3 Cellular Organization

1. LS.3 Cellular Organization The student will investigate and understand that living things show patterns of cellular organization.

2. LS.3 Cellular Organization, Functions & Processes • Cellular Organization • Unicellular – only one cell carries out all work • Multicellular- 2 or more cells share work • Functions & Processes- shape of cell can show you what its function is. • Respiration • Growth • Cellular Transport

3. Shape & Function go Together!!! • The Shape of a Cell can Tell You What its Function Is!!!

5. Unicellular vs. Multicellular • Unicellular • Bacteria, Fungi, Protist= yeast, diatoms, archaebacteria • Multicellular • Animals, Plants, some Fungi, some Protist

6. Cellular Organization • Cells • Smallest part of every living thing

7. Cellular Organization • Tissue • Similar cells working together • 4 major tissue types in animals • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle tissue • Nervous tissue

8. Cellular Organization • Organ • Groups of tissues working together to do a specific job • Ex. • Heart, lungs, stomach

9. Cellular Organization • Organ system • Organs working together to do a specific job • Examples: • Digestive system • Circulatory system • Respiratory system • Nervous system • Muscular system • Skeletal system • Integumentary system (skin) • Vascular system in plants

10. Cellular Organization • Organism • A living thing made up of organ systems working together • Examples: • A single person • A single plant • A single bacterium • A single protist

11. Cellular Organization Place the levels of cellular organization in order from largest to smallest.

12. organs work together to make HOW DOES OUR BODY WORK TOGETHER TO CIRCULATE BLOOD? tissues work together to make cells work together to make CIRCULATORY SYSTEM organelles work together inside… The HEART (Organ) HEART TISSUES HEART CELLS Organelles

13. Ex. Of Cellular Organization Bone cells Bone Tissue Bone Human Skeletal System

14. GROUP CHALLENGE GAME! • Who remembers the rules? • RULES: • Work as a team to answer the questions • Keep your answers secret until time is called • No talking while your answers are raised • No cheering or booing • Team with the most points wins! • ARE YOU READY?

15. QUESTION 1 1. Which of the following is a unicellular organism? a. human c. bacteria b. lion d. tree

16. QUESTION 2 2. The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called a. the nucleus. b. the nuclear membrane. c. the cell wall. d. the cell membrane.

17. QUESTION 3 3. Only eukaryotic cells have a. DNA. c. ribosomes. b. membrane-bound organelles. d. cytoplasm.

18. QUESTION 4 4. A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n) organelle. tissue. organ tissue. biocenter.

19. QUESTION 5 5. Which cell structure controls most cell activities? a. cytoplasm c. cell membrane b. nucleus d. chloroplast

20. QUESTION 6 6. Organisms composed of more than one cell are called ____________. a. unicellular c. multicellular b. virus d. tissue

21. QUESTION 7 A B C D 7. Which of these is a unicellular organism?

22. QUESTION 8 8. Multicellular organisms are made up of more than one kind of cell because: a. unicellular organisms can’t move so don’t need lots of cells. b. multicellular organisms are more complex than unicellular organisms and need different cells for different functions. c. unicellular organisms don’t do all the seven things living things do. d. multicellular organisms don’t get energy.

23. QUESTION 9 9. Which of the following is the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex? a. organ systems, organs, tissues, cells b. tissues, cells, organs, organ systems c. cells, tissues, organ systems, organs d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

24. QUESTION 10 10. Which of the following lists an organism’s levels of cellular organization in order from SMALLEST to LARGEST? a. tissues, cells, organ systems, organs b. cells, organs, tissues, organ systems c. tissues, cells, organs, organ system d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

25. QUESTION 11 11. What is the name for a group of cells that work together to perform a certain task in an organism? a. tissue c. species b. organ d. genius

26. Snapshot • Write cellular organization in order from smallest to largest. • Tissues are made up of ___________. • The nervous system is made up of the brain, which is a ____________.

27. Cellular Transport • Moving things in and out of cell • Water, nutrients, carbon dioxide • 2 Types • Passive • Does not use energy • Active • Uses energy.

28. Passive Cellular Transport • Passive Cellular Transport • Transporting substances in and out of the cell withoutusingenergy • Diffusion– movement from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration • Lot to little • Ex. O2, & CO2,

29. Osmosis—Diffusion of water across a membrane • Water diffuses across a membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Types of Diffusion Semi-permeable membrane is permeable to water, but not to sugar

32. ENERGY NEEDED: Active Transport NO ENERGY NEEDED: Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion ANALOGY: Tossing a Ball on a Hill

34. Osmosis—Elodea Leaf

35. Snapshot • Diffusion is the movement of substances from ___. • The diffusion of water across a membrane is called ______________. • Cellular transport that does not require energy is called _____________________. • Which way would the salt move in the cell below

36. Functions & Processes: Growth– getting bigger Unicellular Multicellular Multicellular – increase in number of cells Ex. Making more muscle cells • One cell increases in size • Ex. Bacterium grows larger

37. Cellular Processes– Asexual Reproduction • Asexual- new organism (offspring) made from one organism( identical to parent) • Unicellular Organisms • Cell divides to create new offspring by itself. • Examples: Fission & Mitosis • Multicellular • Organism creates new offspring by itself • Ex. Cell division & Budding– • Organism grows off of parent

38. Cellular Processes– Sexual Reproduction • Two organisms combine genetic material (DNA) to create new offspring • Half DNA of each parent. • Ex. Unicellular Protist undergo Meiosis & fertilization • Ex. Apple tree being fertilized from pollen of a different apple tree using Meiosis & Fertilization

39. Cellular Processes– Digestion • Digestion– breaking food down into small molecules & nutrients cells can absorb • Ex.. H2O, C6H12O6 or Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids • Unicellular • Use organelles to break down substances • Multicellular uses organ systems to break down substances Digestion

40. Cellular Processes– Waste Removal • Excretion- removal of waste products from an organism or cell • Unicellular • Use organelles to remove substances • Ex. Golgi Bodies & cell membrane • Multicellular • Uses organ systems to remove waste • Ex. Breathing out CO2 Excretion

41. Cellular Processes Foldable • Create a foldable with 5flaps • Describe the process in your words • Draw a picture for each

42. Cellular Processes Group Poster • Within your group • Create a poster on the cell process that your group drew • Write a description • Draw a picture • Give an example using a real organism • Present the poster to the class– everyone in the group must participate.

43. Snapshot • What are the five cellular processes? • Which involves creating new offspring with one set of genetic material? • Breaking down a sugar cookie into glucose and other nutrients is an example of __________.

44. 2 Types of Respiration:process cells use to break down food and make energy Aerobic Anaerobic Fermentation- without Oxygen Creates little bit of energy but hurts organism End products = lactic acid, alcohol, & carbon dioxide Ex. Muscle Cramps • w/ Oxygen (air) • Combine oxygen & glucose (sugar) • Create water, carbon dioxide, & energy (ATP)

45. Photosynthesis • Process organisms use to make food • Combine carbon dioxide and water to make sugar and oxygen • Plants use it to make food • Happens inside chloroplast • Creates oxygen and sugar that we need for respiration • Reactants= Carbon dioxide & water • Products= glucose and oxygen

46. Photosynthesis vs Respiration • Photosynthesis • Water + Carbon dioxide + energy (from sun) -> Oxygen + sugar • 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 • Respiration • Oxygen + sugar -> Water + Carbon dioxide + energy (ATP) • 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

48. Snapshot • What are the reactants of photosynthesis? • Where in the cell does photosynthesis take place? • Which type of respiration is the best? • Respiration is used to create ________ for living things. • Respiration occurs inside of the __________. • Write out the equation for respiration. • Circle the reactants and draw a box around the products.

49. Review Notes!! Test Today Hooray!!!!

50. Vocabulary Terms– define the following vocabulary terms following the example given. • Digestion • Energy • Excretion • Growth • Organ • Photosynthesis • Reproduction • Respiration • System • Tissue • Osmosis • Diffusion • Active transport