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Doris Choy Department of Education College of Staten Island, CUNY

How to help students remember what they have learned? The effectiveness of implementing Structured Writing Principles. Doris Choy Department of Education College of Staten Island, CUNY. Question:.

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Doris Choy Department of Education College of Staten Island, CUNY

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  1. How to help students remember what they have learned?The effectiveness of implementing Structured Writing Principles Doris Choy Department of Education College of Staten Island, CUNY

  2. Question: • In PowerPoint, how can I change a slide show so the slides will advance automatically without clicking the mouse every time? Doris Choy

  3. Advance Slides Automatically Go to slide show, then select slide transition option, look for the advance slide option, un-click the “On mouse click” option, and then click the “Automatically after” option. After that set the time, between 00:02 to 00:05 seconds, which means that the slides will advance after 2-5 seconds. Doris Choy

  4. How about this: • Go to “Slide Show” • Select “Slide Transition” • Look for “Advance Slide” • Un-click the “On mouse click” • Click the “Automatically after” • Set the time (00:02 to 00:05) • Slides will advance after 2-5 seconds. Doris Choy

  5. Therefore • The layout and design of any textual materials are essential in order to convey the message to the learners effectively. • Effective message layout • Attention • Motivation • Easy to comprehend Doris Choy

  6. Introduction • Purpose of the study • Literature Review • Hypotheses • Methodology • Results • Conclusion Doris Choy

  7. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study was to determine if the application of structured-writing principles to the developmental process improved learners’ performance in recalling the information. Doris Choy

  8. What is Structured Writing? • Strategy for formulating, designing, and writing text to improve comprehension and retrieval of information by the readers (Whiteside and Whiteside, 1993). • A systematic way to analyze and design information in written documents. Doris Choy

  9. Information Blocks Information Maps Labeling Consistent format Easy to scan Better information retrieval and learning Just in time training Resistance to new techniques Not focus on disseminating detailed information Literature Review:Structured-writing Strategies Doris Choy

  10. Example of Prose Writing Managing Diversity in the Hospitality Industry Introduction It has been said that a manager can be compared to a conductor, whose job it is to instruct and direct all of the various musicians so that they perform well together. But before a conductor can direct a beautiful performance, all of the individual musicians must be able to play their instruments well. What kind of performance could you expect if the violinists did not know how to play their instruments or the flutists could not read music? So it is in the hospitality industry. Before a manager can direct and shape employees’ individual contributions into an efficient whole, he or she must first turn employees into competent worker who know how to do their jobs. Employees are the musicians of the orchestra that the members of the audience — the guests — have come to watch the performance. If employees are not skilled at their jobs, then the performance will get bad reviews. Just as an orchestra can have a fine musical score from a great composer and still perform poorly because of incompetent musicians, so a hotel or restaurant can have the finest standard recipes, service procedures, and quality standards and still have dissatisfied guests because of poor employee performance. That is why properly managing human resources within the hospitality industry is so important. No other industry provides so much contact between employees and customers and so many opportunities to either reinforce a positive experience or create a negative one. Doris Choy

  11. Example of Structured Writing Information Block Map Title Executive Summary of Structured Writing Block Label Doris Choy

  12. Hypotheses of the Study • H1: The participants who received the original structurally written training material (group two) will perform better than those who received prose written training material (group one). • H2: The participants who received the revised form of structurally written training material (group three) will perform better than those who received the original structurally written training material. • H3: The participants who received the revised form of structurally written training material (group three) will perform better than those who received prose written training material (group one). • Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1 Doris Choy

  13. Methodology • Posttest only experimental design • Random assignment • Students will learn from different versions of materials and complete the posttest after reading the materials Doris Choy

  14. Methodology: Development Doris Choy

  15. Methodology: Data Collection Doris Choy

  16. Participants Characteristics Doris Choy

  17. Work Experiences Doris Choy

  18. Previous Diversity Trainings Doris Choy

  19. Reliability of the Post Test • Cronbach Alpha: 0.70 • 0.7 or above is considered as acceptable (Nunnally, 1978) • Fairly reliable instrument • Obtain consistent test scores Doris Choy

  20. Results of the Post Test Doris Choy

  21. ANOVA & Contrasts of the Results Doris Choy

  22. Implications of the Study • Structured writing helped the learners to improve their abilities in recalling information • Organize the content to be memorized and recalled • Does not require previous training to learn from structured writing • Motivate learners to read the information • Just-in-time trainings Doris Choy

  23. Limitations • Retention of learners • Undergraduate hospitality students Doris Choy

  24. Suggestions for Further Study • Implementing structured writing to other types of learning: problem solving, concept learning, application of knowledge • Online learning environments • Hourly employees • Larger geographic area Doris Choy

  25. Conclusion • Application of structured writing principles to diversity training improved the participants’ abilities in recalling information • Structured writing groups performed significantly better than the prose writing group • Learners needed less time to read the structurally written training materials • Learners reported a more positive attitude towards structurally written material than prose writing material Doris Choy

  26. Questions Doris Choy

  27. Likert Scale • It may be analyzed in more than one way • If the interest is in the differences among the average of the groups, the analysis of variance works very well and produces means that are often used conveniently in the interpretation (Sisson and Stocker, 1989) Doris Choy

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