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Era 6 Overview

Era 6 Overview. Industrial Development of the United States (1870 – 1900) . Presidents of the Era . Ulysses S. Grant – 1869 - 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes – 1877 - 1881 James A. Garfield – 1881 Chester A. Arthur – 1881 - 1885 Grover Cleveland – 1885 - 1889 Benjamin Harrison – 1889 - 1893

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Era 6 Overview

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  1. Era 6 Overview Industrial Development of the United States (1870 – 1900)

  2. Presidents of the Era • Ulysses S. Grant – 1869 - 1877 • Rutherford B. Hayes – 1877 - 1881 • James A. Garfield – 1881 • Chester A. Arthur – 1881 - 1885 • Grover Cleveland – 1885 - 1889 • Benjamin Harrison – 1889 - 1893 • Grover Cleveland (again) – 1893 - 1897 • William McKinley – 1897 - 1901

  3. Era 6 Presidents Ulysses S. Grant 1869 - 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes 1877 - 1881

  4. Era 6 Presidents James A Garfield 1881 Chester A. Arthur 1881 - 1885

  5. Era 6 Presidents Grover Cleveland 1885 - 1889 Benjamin Harrison 1889 - 1893

  6. Era 6 Presidents Grover Cleveland (again) 1893 - 1897 William McKinley 1897 - 1901

  7. Big Topics of Era 6 • Industrialization • Urbanization • Immigration • Minorities in Era 6 • Politics/Economics • Changing American Culture • Westward Expansion • The “New” South • Progressivism

  8. Industrialization – Part 1 • Factors that encourage growth • Natural resources • A growing workforce • Capitalism/entrepreneurship • New Technologies • Electricity • New forms of communication • Steel instead of iron • New forms of transportation • Growth spurs growth

  9. Industrialization – New Technologies

  10. Industrialization – Part 2 • Impact of Industrialization • Beginning of globalization • Changes for society • New ways of thinking about the environment • New Forms of Doing Business • Corporations • Monopolies • Horizontal and vertical integration • The government begins to regulate business • Changes for Workers • New hardships • Labor unions • Labor strikes

  11. Urbanization • Populations shift • People move from the country to the cities • Problems of Urban Life • Tenements • Crime • Fire • Poor water and sanitation

  12. Immigration • “Old” Immigrants – • from Northern/Western Europe • before 1870 • “New” Immigrants – • From Southern/Eastern Europe • After 1870 • Push/Pull factors • What made people want to leave home • What drew people to come here • Americanization and Assimilation

  13. Minorities • African Americans • Lose rights after Reconstruction • Jim Crow Laws enforce segregation • Begin fight for Civil Rights • BTW and W.E.B du Bois

  14. Minorities • Native Americans • Made up of many diverse cultures • Felt threatened by settlers • Clashed with settlers • The government wanted to assimilate them

  15. Minorities • Mexican Americans • Faced discrimination • Fought for land rights • Formed groups to fight for rights

  16. Minorities • Chinese Americans • Faced discrimination • Limits were placed on their immigration • Fought in the courts for rights

  17. Minorities • Women • The early push for the vote • Participation in other reform movements

  18. Politics & Economics • Politics • Ineffective government • Corrupt government • Move for governmental reform • Populist Party (party of the people) • Economics • Tariff question • Currency question – gold or silver? • Farmers • Crop prices fall/debt rises • Farmers form groups to bargain (the Farmer’s Alliance and the Grange)

  19. Changing American Culture – Part 1 • Mass Culture • People become more and more alike • Consumer Culture • People begin to buy more and more manufactured products • New forms of Advertising • Manufacturers began advertising their products and developed logos • Department stores developed and made shopping easier • Newspapers • An inexpensive way to spread information • Supported by businesses who advertised in the papers

  20. Changing American Culture – Part 2 • Literature & Art • Novels became very popular (Horatio Alger & Stephen Crane) • Artists used city life to inspire new work • Education • More and more people could read • Public schools emerged for all (although they were segregated) • New forms of entertainment • Amusement parks, outdoor events, vaudeville shows, & baseball

  21. Westward Expansion • Mining • Mining towns spring up all over • Big companies move in • The Opening of the West • Railroads open the west to business and settlement • Ranchers move in and cattle becomes big business • Farmers move west for free land • All of these groups compete for control of the West

  22. Rail Lines in the US - 1877

  23. The New South • New industries grow • Textile industry • Lumber • Coal/iron/steel processing • Railroads spurred growth of cities • Linked cities between industrial centers • Limited economic growth • Had to repair the damage from the civil war • Spent little on educating the workforce/paid low wages • Few banks had survived the war • Poor conditions for farmers • Needed to diversify what they grew • Relied too much on cotton and other cash crops

  24. Progressivism - Origins • Progressives believed… • Industry and cities cause social problems • That politics needed reform • Cities should be safer and cleaner • Businesses should be regulated by the government • We should help the poor

  25. Muckrakers and Progressive Reforms • Muckrakers • Journalists and writers who wrote about political and social issues to draw attention to them • Ex. Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis, Theodore Dreiser, Upton Sinclair, Frances Ellen Watkins • Progressive Reforms • Settlement houses to help the poor (Jane Addams) • Ending child labor • Improving education • Improving working conditions

  26. Progressives Reform Government • Founded commission style of government • Reformed election rules (direct primary, referendum, recall, initiative) • Created a new style of progressive politician • Teddy Roosevelt • Robert La Follette • Hiram Johnson • Woodrow Wilson

  27. People to Know • Captains of Industry • John D. Rockefeller • Andrew Carnegie • Cornelius Vanderbilt • Alfred V. Du Pont • Social Reformers • Booker T. Washington • W.E.B. Du Bois • Jane Addams • Jacob Riis • Writers • Horatio Alger • Stephen Crane • Mark Twain • Inventors • Thomas Edison • George Pullman • Milton S. Hershey • Alexander G. Bell • Gustavus Swift • Phillip Armour • Elisha Otis • Newspaper Tycoons • Joseph Pulitzer • William R. Hearst

  28. Era 6 Vocabulary • Industrialization • Urbanization • Laissez-Faire • Protective Tariff • Corporation • Monopoly • Horizontal Integration • Vertical Integration • Social Darwinism • Sweatshop • Socialism • Labor union • Immigration • Nativism • New Immigrant • Old Immigrant • Americanization • Suburb • Tenement • Mass Culture • Consumerism • Cash Crop • Reservation • Assimilate • Jim Crow Laws • Spoils System • Populism • Progressivism • Muckraker • Social Gospel • Direct primary • Initiative • Referendum • recall

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