R.K. Sinha Director, Reactor Design & Development Group Design Manufacturing & Automation Group

1. General characteristics of terms of reference as drafted by India for its collaborative project proposals R.K. Sinha Director, Reactor Design & Development Group Design Manufacturing & Automation Group Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

2. List of CPPs from India • IND1: Investigation of safety issues for advanced high temperature reactors and their combined operation with hydrogen producing plants • IND2: Investigation of technological challenges related to removal of heat from reactor cores operating at temperatures between 600-1000°C with focus on liquid metals and molten salts for use in high temperature reactors, accelerator driven systems, molten salt reactors and advanced fast reactors • IND3: CPP proposal Related to Advanced Water Cooled Reactors • IND4: Study on probable development of nuclear energy systems in different regions and time frames and for different application areas including non-electric applications • IND5: Integrated approach for the design of safety grade decay heat removal system for Liquid Metal Reactor (LMR)

3. Scope of project • A draft project includes several components of scope • Only those component(s) of interest to any country other than India can be possibly considered for collaboration • The redefined scope would include selected components based on expression of interest from different countries • Schedule and commitment to be redefined on the basis of the above • Typically a duration of 2-3 years is considered likely. However, this needs to be discussed and agreed by all participants

4. Funding • Each country is expected to meet its own expenses including those on manpower deployed for this purpose • The flow of information should be done by e-correspondence, hence avoiding the expenses incurred in travel • Where meetings are essential, India will offer to organise them at Mumbai/Kalpakkam

5. Mode of execution (CRP/JIP/TCP) • None of the projects is under the purview of TCP • Mode of collaboration under extra-budgetary CRP will be very close to that under JIP. India has, in general, not differentiated between the two. However, INPRO team may advise. • For mode of execution under extra-budgetary CRP it may perhaps be more appropriate to consider a series of consultancies/ technical committee meetings to avoid agency’s contribution towards funding the CRP.

6. Most of the proposals involve one or more of the following • Initial meeting to identify distribution of work and time schedule • Development/use of computer codes • Compilation of work already done, in different countries, in a focused manner addressing the goals of the project • Programme for generation of additional data using experimental facilities/ computational tools to address the task • …. • …. • Preparation of reports • A final meeting may be necessary to discuss and adopt the report Communications through e-correspondence

7. Procedure for implementation Collaborative Research Proposals Implemented as a regular Coordinated Research Program Facilitate web-based interaction to clearly define scope of work by different participants Participants carry out required research at workplace without any financial support by agency, while submitting periodic progress reports Results are discussed in a regular consultancy meeting organised to review status and outline the further work plan. Participants carry out any residual activities and prepare identified chapters of the report Reports are reviewed and finalised online, or with the help of a consultant, and/or in another meeting ICG INPRO takes further actions for publication of the report Interaction among participants can be facilitated by a web-based platform/ e-correspondence

8. Collaborative Project Proposal on Investigation of safety issues for advanced high temperature reactors and their combined operation with hydrogen producing plants (IND1) R.K. Sinha Director, Reactor Design & Development Group Design Manufacturing & Automation Group Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India

9. Objectives Dwindling fossil fuel resources Environmental degradation due to fossil fuel utilization • Very large demand on nuclear energy assisted hydrogen • Large scale deployment near population centres • Combined operation of nuclear and chemical plants • Over conservativeness would result in poor economics Need for extensive safety studies and formulation of safety related methodologies, guidelines, rules and documents Objectives of CPP i) To formulate methodologies for safety studies of advanced HTRs and benchmark numerical codes specific to HTR design safety ii) To formulate a set of guidelines or rules for assessment of reliability of passive systems through case studies iii) Identification of safety issues, recommendations to mitigate risk and modification of INPRO methodology and manuals to consider combined operation of nuclear reactor along with hydrogen production plant.

10. Issues related to safety of advanced high temperature reactors & their combined operation with hydrogen producing plants (1/2)

11. Issues related to safety of advanced high temperature reactors & their combined operation with hydrogen producing plants (2/2)

12. Funding • Each country is expected to meet its own expenses including those on manpower deployed for this purpose • The flow of information should be done by e-correspondence, hence avoiding the expenses incurred in travel • Where meetings are essential, India will offer to organise them at Mumbai

13. Resources • India has an active high temperature reactor programme in progress • Extensive analytical and experimental studies have been planned as a part of this programme • Well-equipped laboratories and a well-trained manpower are available for carrying out work in these areas • India has incorporated stringent safety requirements, at par with next generation reactors, in the reactors currently under design (notably AHWR). • India has a wide experience in designing and reliability estimation of passive systems.

14. Content and workplan (1/2) • It is planned to study various issues related to safety issues of combined operation of HTR along with hydrogen plant in a phased manner • Exact work plan shall be worked out based on discussions with other interested member states. • Proposed implementation process is shown in below • First Year • Phase-0 (Pre project stage) • Formulation of scope, schedule and responsibilities for the entire project duration • Approval at institutional levels • Approval of detailed structure of activities and detailed responsibilities through e-correspondences • Monthly exchange of newsletters giving information of status • Phase-1 • E-correspondence and exchange of initial responses • Review meeting to exchange views and midcourse course corrections if any

15. Content and workplan (2/2) • Second Year • Phase-2 • Further activities by MS at their respective workplaces • E-correspondence and exchange of results • Review meeting to exchange views and midcourse course corrections if any • Preparation of related documents • Third Year • Phase-3 • Compilation of results • Preparation of related documents • In IAEA INPRO secretariat nominates one person to coordinate the work among all member states

16. Expected outcome and deliverables i) Evolution of methodologies and benchmarking of analytical codes ii) Preparation of safety document which lays down guidelines for reliability estimation of passive systems for reactor safety and heat removal specific to HTRs iii) Identification of issues for studying and ensuring safety of combined operation of reactor and hydrogen production plant. iv) Preparation of guidelines and rules to address these safety issues including validation of available codes being used for such studies. v) Document containing suggested modification of INPRO methodology and manuals to consider combined operation of nuclear reactor along with hydrogen production plant.

17. Procedure for implementation • It is anticipated that extra budgetary CRP would be an appropriate mechanism of implementation.

18. Interface with other similar projects inside or outside the agency • To the best of information available, table-1 gives overview of the similar work being done elsewhere • INPRO team may review current status of these and other similar activities • Selected list of referred documents: • Considerations in the Development of Safety Requirements for Innovative Reactors: Application to Modular High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors, IAEA-TECDOC-1366, 2003, Date of Issue: 30 July 2003. • Natural Circulation in Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants Phenomena, Models and Methodology for System Reliability Assessments, IAEA-TECDOC-1474, 2005, Date of Issue: 8 December 2005. • Innovative Small and Medium Sized Reactors: Design Features, Safety Approaches and R&D Trends, IAEA-TECDOC-1451, 2005, Date of Issue: 9 June 2005. • Technical Feasibility and Reliability of Passive Safety Systems for Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA-TECDOC- 920, 1996, Date of Issue: 16 December 1996.

19. Status of current activities in India

20. Experimental facilities and expertise on analytical studies e.g. CHTR: Passive Power Regulation System (PPRS) PPRS Heat pipes Coolant PPRS- Experimental Setup Liquid Metal Loop Simulation of PPRS