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Laws of Thermodynamics

Laws of Thermodynamics. Week 2-3 Dr. Thornton OAPB. Laws of Thermodynamics. Thermo-heat Dynamics- changing (not static). Laws of Thermodynamics. Work= Fxd Work= force x distance Energy is moved or transformed. Laws of Thermodynamics. Energy

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Laws of Thermodynamics

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  1. Laws of Thermodynamics Week 2-3 Dr. Thornton OAPB

  2. Laws of Thermodynamics Thermo-heat Dynamics- changing (not static)

  3. Laws of Thermodynamics Work= Fxd Work= force x distance Energy is moved or transformed

  4. Laws of Thermodynamics Energy • Energy is the ability to bring about change or to do work. Thermodynamics is the study of energy. heat, light, chemical energy, and electrical energy.

  5. Laws of Thermodynamics • The total amount of energy and matter in the Universe remains constant, • Merely changing from one form to another. The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation) states that: energy is always conserved, it cannot be created or destroyed. In essence, energy can be converted from one form into another.

  6. Laws of Thermodynamics • The Second Law of Thermodynamics For any system, over time, disorder tends to increase • This is also commonly referred to as entropy.

  7. Laws of Thermodynamics • Entropy-measure of disorder in a system • System- collection of two or more parts interacting

  8. Thermodynamic Equillibrium • Equilibrium- means a state of balance • State of thermodynamic equilibrium, • there are no net flows of matter or of energy, • no phase changes, and • no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces), within the system. • A system that is in thermodynamic equilibrium • experiences no changes when it is isolated from its surroundings.

  9. Laws of Thermodynamics Closed system-energy does not go in or out of the system Is this possible?

  10. Laws of Thermodynamics • Open system-cannot reach equillibrium • This violates the second law (e.g. hurricanes order vapor and pressures, but what does this do?)

  11. Gradient Energy • Fluids (liquid or gas) • Lie in cells/how cells transport energy • Isosmotic-same • Hypersmotic-one solution has greater water concentration than the other • Hyposmotic-one solution has a lower water concentration thant the other

  12. Properties of Life • Reproduce • Growth • Metabolize • Pollute or produce waste • Respond to environment (same as Chapter one pg 9)

  13. Biological Organization • Cells-fundamental unit of life • Colony-colonizaiton of cells (can live outsde of colony) • Multicellular organisms-cannot live outside organism; welfare of the whole organism outweighs the welfare of a single cell

  14. Biological Organization Apoptosis-programmed cell suicide • Hair, skin, neurons in young teens

  15. Biological Organizaiton • Tissue-collection of cells with a common function • Organs-collection of tissues with a common function • Organ system-group of organs working in a system together

  16. Biological Organizaiton • Organ supersystems-systems w/smaller subsystems • Ecosystem-includes aspects of the environment that organisms live in; contains living and non-living components

  17. Reactions Exergonic-Ex (ouside)- releases energy

  18. Reactions Energonic-En- Inside-energy is absorbed

  19. How does all this relate to cells and biology? • Cell membranes • Sharks in freshwater • Freshwater fish in salt water • Egg in salt water • Endergonic vs exergonic • Thermodynamics • Na+ K+ pump

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