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Form Factors and Power Supplies

Form Factors and Power Supplies. Unit objectives Different Form factors and computer cases How electricity is measured How to protect your computer against electrical charges Energy Star Specs How to troubleshoot electrical problems. Pg 131. Case, Motherboard and Power.

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Form Factors and Power Supplies

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  1. Form Factors and Power Supplies Unit objectives • Different Form factors and computer cases • How electricity is measured • How to protect your computer against electrical charges • Energy Star Specs • How to troubleshoot electrical problems Pg 131

  2. Case, Motherboard and Power • Form Factor describes the size, shape and major features of hardware • Motherboard size • Power Supply Size Pg 132

  3. Types of Form Factors • ATX • LPX • BTX • AT • MicroATX Pg 133

  4. AT Form Factor • 12 x 13.8 • From 1980s • Replaced by baby AT later • CPU could interfere with expansion Pg 133

  5. ATX Form Factor • Most common today • Open standard • Intel in 1995 • Simpler usage • 12 x 9.6 • Smaller than AT • P1 connector powers motherboard • Changes over time as more power required • Soft Switch • Allow software to power down system • CMOS-Wake on LAN Pg 134

  6. Other ATX based • Mini ATX • 11.2 x 8.2 • MicroATX • Smaller, lower cost, lower power • BTX • New technology • Better airflow • Can use ATX power Supply Pg 134

  7. LPX/Mini LPX and NLX • Low profile Systems • Motherboard and Riser/Daughterboard • Expansion on Riser • NLX improves on LPX Pg 138

  8. Backplane Systems • Usually used for servers • Rack systems • Like blade servers Pg 134

  9. Types of Cases • Desktop • Tower • Notebook Pg 140

  10. Electricity • Volts • Potential Difference between two devices • Amp • Electrical Current • Ohm • resistance to electricity-Higher resistance, higher heat • Watt • Measure of power. Volts x Amps. How much power to run a device Pg 143

  11. AC/DC Pg 143

  12. AC/DC • AC-Alternating Current • Current alternates direction of flow. Used in homes • DC-Direct Current. One directional flow Pg 143

  13. Rectifier and Transformer • Rectifier • Converts from Alternating to Direct • Transformer • Keeps power constant but changes from higher voltage, lower current to lower voltage/higher current • Power Supply is both! Pg 143

  14. Hot/Neutral/Ground • Power comes over a circuit • Power comes in on “Hot” line • Travels back out on “Neutral” line • Electricity wants to find “easiest” path to rest • Usually through neutral • Will take ground • Don’t be between hot and ground! Pg 144

  15. Common Components • Conductor • Material that conducts electricity easily • Insulator • Resists the flow of electricity • Semi-Conductor • Somewhere in between Pg 146

  16. Transistor • Gate or Switch • Can be “on” or “off” • 1 or 0 • Basic building block of integrated circuit • Electrical base of the logic for the chip Pg 146

  17. Capacitor • Can hold a charge for a long time • The old 30 second rule! • Help to smooth flow of electricity Pg 146

  18. Diode • One way flow of electricity • A transistor had two diodes! • Also use to rectify current • Convert from AC to DC Pg 146

  19. Resistor • Used to limit current • Protect a circuit Pg 146

  20. Protecting Your Computer System • Must be careful of • Static electricity • EMI • Power surges Pg 148

  21. Static Electricity/EMI • Must know how to protect equipment from static • EMI can cause strange intermittent problems • EMI in RF range is RFI • Use an AM radio to look for it Pg 149

  22. Surge Protection and Battery Backup • Power supplies can use a range of voltages • It can shorten the life of the power supply to use extremes • Surge Suppressor can help manager the flow • Rated in Joules (measure of energy/work that produces one watt or power in one second • Also rated in Clamping voltage-at what voltage the suppressor starts to reduce the surge Pg 149

  23. Power conditioner • Protect from spikes • Regulate/condition the power • Smooth out flow during spikes and sags • Measured by load they can support Pg 151

  24. UPS • Backup power for outages • Usually only short periods • Also conditions • Standby or Line interactive • Smart UPS • Coordinates with PC Pg 152

  25. Energy Star Systems • Systems designed to reduce electricity consumption Pg 153

  26. Power Management • ACPI • Supported by BIOS • Helps OS control energy saving features • Turn off screen,Spin down HD • APM • BIOS controlled power, no OS interface • ATA • Lets HD stop spinning • DPMS • For monitors and video cards Pg 154

  27. ACPI settings • S1 • Sleep, standby • S2 • Sleep, standby • S3 • Sleep or suspend • S4 • Hibernation Pg 154

  28. Energy Star Monitors • Display Power Management Signaling (DPMS) • Lets video card and monitor go to sleep Pg 156

  29. Troubleshooting Electrical Systems • Symptoms • PC Dead • Halts during boot • Error codes or beeps • Smell of smoke or burning Pg 157

  30. Troubleshooting Electrical Systems • Basic troubleshooting • Connected and turned on • Cables in correctly • Switches on • Fans running Pg 157

  31. Problems with External Power • Brownout • Low current • Check load on circuit • Remove other devices on circuit Pg 157

  32. Loose Internal Connections • Check the power switch inside the case • Some systems require case to be on Pg 158

  33. Problems that Come and Go • More difficult to solve, hard to reproduce • Stops, Hangs, reboots • Memory errors • Bad data • Too much noise from fans Pg 158

  34. Problems with Power Supply • If you add devices, make sure your power is up to it • Multiply VxAmps to get wattage needed • Fan can help you identify a problem Pg 159

  35. Problems with Power Supply, Boards, Drives • Try to isolate noises if you think it is the fan on the Power Supply Pg 159

  36. Problems with Motherboard • Look for shorts • Spacers • Loose or frayed wires Pg 160

  37. Overheating • Case temp should never be above 100 degrees F • Make sure fan/heat sink is on processor well • Remove dust • Check airflow • Leave off, reboot and check BIOS temp • Tie off cables to help airflow • Think about airflow Pg 160

  38. Replacing the Power SUpply • Power supply is easily replaced • Field replaceable unit (FRU) • Need to choose the correct Power Supply • Form factor • Power rating • connections • Dangerous to open the power supply Pg 163

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