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Reform

Reform. Do Now: What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?. Social Reformers. Many people felt government needed to regulate hours workers were forced to work and set minimums for wages paid, and working conditions. Philosophy.

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Reform

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  1. Reform Do Now: What new ideas about economics and society were fostered as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

  2. Social Reformers • Many people felt government needed to regulate hours workers were forced to work and set minimums for wages paid, and working conditions.

  3. Philosophy • Philosophy played a major role in both the advancement of the Industrial Revolution and the social reform it created a need for.

  4. Jeremy Bentham • believed in utilitarianism • correct actions are those that result in the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. • Education will help you help you determine what is good for you. • He believed that all actions should be judged by their utility. In other words, did they provide more pleasure than pain?

  5. John Stuart Mill • also believed in utilitarianism and that the government’s duty was to protect liberty and free thinking. • He believed strongly in individual freedom, but wanted the gov’tto step in to improve the hard lives of workers. • “The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will is to prevent harm to others.” • Wanted to give the vote to workers and women – they would then vote for reforms

  6. Socialism • Belief that the people as a whole, rather than private individuals should own and operate the means of production, and should do it to benefit all of society. • This meant the government would own things like farms, factories, railways, and large business. • Goal was not to make a lot of profit, but rather, to provide for society. • Believed that given this environment, people would no longer be selfish.

  7. Utopians • believed all work should be shared by the people in the community and all property should be owned in common. • saw greed and selfishness as the root of all problems, and if everyone shared what they owned and worked together, there would not be rich and poor – so everyone would live peacefully.

  8. Robert Owen • Utopian and successful businessman • Set up a model community in New Lanark, Scotland. • Refused to use child labor, created a school, reduced work hours • his mill was still successful OR

  9. Karl Marx and Friedrich • German philosophers during the 1840s • They though Utopians were unrealistic dreamers. • They invented “Scientific Socialism” – based on a study of history that said economics was the driving force of history

  10. 1848, published pamphlet “The Communist Manifesto” • Based on the idea that a struggle between social classes was inevitable – since the labor that creates the wealth doesn’t get the wealth - will eventually lead to revolution. • “Haves” were the bourgeoisie – business owners • “Have nots” were the working class – proletariat. • Slogan was “Workers unite!”

  11. Workers Movements • Strikeswould occur when workers banded together and refused to work until demands were met. Before 1870 strikes were illegal and workers could be jailed for not working and/or disrupting business • Unionswere organized in order to • Organize workers demands • Plan actions • Support workers during strikes • They collected dues and were able to pay workers while strike was carried out.

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